Peatlands in Indonesia are generally flammable, including peatlands in Kalimantan. The Indonesian government has made efforts to prevent fires on peatlands in Indonesia. One of them is by establishing several stations for measuring hydrometeorological parameters which are managed by the Peat Restoration Agency (BRG). This study utilizes BRG data, especially rainfall and groundwater levels, combined with hotspots data from MODIS satellite measurements during the 2019 extreme dry season at two research locations, namely at BRG stations in Central Kalimantan and West Kalimantan. The objectives of this research is to study the dynamics of these three parameters and find their relationship during the 2019 extreme dry season. To achieve the objectives of this study, an analysis of the time series graphs of these three parameters was carried out during the 2019 extreme dry season. It is hoped that the results of this research will help to prevent severe fires on peatlands, especially in Kalimantan. The results of this study indicate that during this period there was a decrease in rainfall, a decrease in groundwater level, and the emergence of a large number of hotspots. It can be concluded that the hotspots that appear are closely related to the low groundwater level due to low rainfall.

The positive phenomenon of Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD +) in 2019 caused an extreme dry season in parts of Indonesia, including in the province of South Sumatera. This caused massive fires on peatlands in South Sumatera. The Government of Indonesia through the Agency for Peat Restoration (BRG) has deployed an integrated equipment system to measure in situ several fire control parameters on several peatlands, including in South Sumatera. The aim is to predict and mitigate fire incidents on peatlands. One of the measured parameters is soil moisture. This study has examined the impact of the extreme dry season on the rate of decline in soil moisture at four BRG measurement stations, namely: Cinta jaya-1, Cinta Jaya-2, Padang Sugihan-3, and Karang Agung. The rate of decrease in soil moisture (% per day) obtained were: 0.06, 0.31, 0.38, 0.47 respectively for the stations Cinta jaya-1, Cinta Jaya-2, Padang Sugihan-3, and Karang Agung.

Climate anomalies can cause natural disasters such as severe fires and floods on peatlands in South Sumatra. Factors that affect the natural disasters on peatlands include rainfall, groundwater level, and soil moisture. This paper aims to study the effect of the climate anomalies in 2019 and 2020 and effects of these influencing factors on peatlands in South Sumatra. The data used in this study was derived from insitu measurement at two SESAME's measurement stations in the study area. The results indicate that in the 2019 dry season, the rainfall was minimal, the lowest groundwater table depth was −1.14 m and the lowest soil moisture was 3.4%. In the 2020 dry season, rainfall was above the monthly average of 100 mm, the lowest groundwater level was −0.44 m, and the lowest soil moisture was 26.64%. There is also a strong correlation between soil moisture and groundwater table depth. The correlation between the two is stronger when there is less rainfall.