The purpose of the work was to compare the sensitivity of autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms used in bioassay to lanthanum and cerium under the conditions of a model experiment with aqueous media. Using bioassay methods, the pre-lethal effects of La and Ce in heterotrophic Paramecium caudatum and Escherichia coli, as well as autotrophic Chlorella vulgaris and Nostoc linckia were determined. Model solutions of La 2 (SO 4 ) 3 •8H 2 O and Ce 2 (SO 4 ) 3 •8H 2 O were tested in the concentration range of 0.1-200 mg/l. As a result, it was shown that heterotrophic organisms are more sensitive to water pollution with La and Ce than autotrophic ones. According to the totality of experiments, cerium turned out to be more toxic than lanthanum. When planning the environmental studies of wastewater or reservoirs polluted with REE, it is recommended to focus on comparative sensitivity of bioassay methods, taking into account the test-functions used: bioassay for chemotaxis of P. caudatum > bioassay for changes in bioluminescence of E. coli (strain M-17) > bioassay for the content of chlorophyll а and intensity of lipid peroxidation in N. linckia > bioassay on the increase in the number of Cl. vulgaris.
The present study determined the species of cyanobacteria (CB) that are the most sensitive to the pollution of the aquatic environment with rare earth elements (REE). CB Nostoc muscorum, Nostoc paludosum, and Nostoc linckia were kept for 24 hours in model solutions with La and Ce concentrations of 0.0001 and 0.001 mg/L respectively. The titer of the cultures was from 1.2•10 7 to 2.7•10 7 cells/ml, the age was 5 weeks, the growth phase was exponential. Next the biochemical responses of CB were determined: the level of chlorophyll а and the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the CB homogenate. Nostoc muscorum was practically not exposed to the tested doses of REE. The effects of Nostoc linckia were maximal and most consistent. With La concentration of 0.001 mg/l the amount of chlorophyll а decreased by 4.2 times compared with the control, while intensity of lipid peroxidation (as estimated by MDA) increased by 2.2 times. These facts taken together indicate severe toxic stress. As a result the range of CB sensitivity to Ce and La pollution is as follows: Nostoc muscorum > Nostoc paludosum > Nostoc linckia. The obtained results show that even systematically and evolutionarily close biological species can differ significantly in response to toxicants.
The effect of biofilms dominated by the cyanobacterium Nostoc commune, methylphosphonic acid and their combined action on the biochemical and physiological parameters of the vital activity of barley plants was studied. Methylphosphonic acid at a concentration of 0.5 and 1 mM was shown to promote the activation of lipid peroxidation processes in leaves by 20 and 60%, respectively, as well as a decrease in the amount of chlorophyll and the length of seedlings by 20%. Inoculation of seeds with natural multispecies biofilms dominated by the cyanobacterium Nostoc commune reduced the phytotoxic effects of methylphosphonic acid, which manifested itself in the inhibition of the intensity of lipid oxidation processes, the accumulation of chlorophyll (under the action of acid at a concentration of 0.5 mM), antioxidant carotenoids, and also in the stimulation of growth processes. In response to the treatment of seeds with biofilms, the accumulation of anthocyanins in the leaves decreased, while the pigment content did not exceed 70% of the level of control plants. It has been established that biofilms dominated by the cyanobacterium Nostoc commune contribute to an increase in plant resistance to contamination with methylphosphonic acid. В ходе работы было исследовано влияние био- пленок с доминированием цианобактерии Nostoc commune, метилфосфоновой кислоты и их совместного действия на биохимические и физиологические показатели жизнедеятель- ности растений ячменя. Показано, что метилфосфоновая кис- лота в концентрации 0.5 и 1 мМ способствовала активации процессов перекисного окисления липидов в листьях ячменя на 20 и 60% соответственно, а также снижению количества хлорофиллов и длины проростков на 20%. Инокуляция семян ячменя природными многовидовыми биопленками с домини- рованием цианобактерии Nostoc commune снижала фитоток- сические эффекты метилфосфоновой кислоты, что прояви- лось в ингибировании интенсивности процессов окисления липидов, накоплении хлорофиллов (при действии кислоты в концентрации 0.5 мМ), антиоксидантов – каротиноидов, а так- же в стимуляции ростовых процессов. Отмечено, что в ответ на обработку семян биопленками снижается накопление ан- тоцианов в листьях: содержание пигмента не превышало 70% от уровня контрольных растений. Таким образом, биопленки с доминированием цианобактерии Nostoc commune стимулиру- ют механизмы устойчивости растений при загрязнении среды метилфосфоновой кислотой.
Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Вятский государственный университет», Киров, Россия, undina2-10@yandex.ru 2 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт биологии Коми научного центра Уральского отделения Российской академии наук, Сыктывкар, Россия Аннотация: Изучено влияние цианобактерии (ЦБ) Nostoc paludosum на жизнедеятельность растений ячменя, которые выращивали в присутствии метилфосфоновой кислоты (МФК) и глифосата (ГЛ). Инокуляция семян ЦБ уменьшает фитотоксическое действие метилфосфонатов. Предпосевная обработка ЦБ снижает интенсивность процессов перекисного окисления липидов в клетках, оказывает ростстимулирующее действие на растения ячменя, выращенные в присутствии МФК. В опытах с ГЛ протекторное действе ЦБ проявляется в меньшей степени, что, возможно связано с высокой токсичностью ГЛ.Ключевые слова: метилфосфоновая кислота, глифосат, цианобактерии, ячмень, пластидные пигменты, перекисное окисление липидов
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