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Bmo, 60, 1991: 181-192.To ascertain serum progesterone concentrations in cows (Bohemian Pied x Holstein-Friesian) under standard husbandry practices clinical observations were made and blood samples from v. jugularis were taken in five-day intervals Within 45 days after parturition, and a post-mortem macroscopic examination of reproductive organs of a selected group of cows were carried out within 35 days post partum. We clinically demonstrated the closing of the orificii cervicis internum and externum by day 15-20 and day 30 post partum, respectively. The uterus continuously retracted into the pelvis within 20 days post partum and its wall regained characteristics of a nongravid uterus by day 10. Ovaries were palpable from day 5 -10 post partum and from day 35 usually exhibited a typical finding of a sexual cycle. Macroscopic examination showed that the uterus was reducing its size markedly until day 10, and less markedly until day 20-25 post partum. Its mass decreased from 10:1: 1.6 on the day of parturition to 2.3:1:0.9 kg on day 10 and to 0.9 ± 0.0 on day 20 post partum.The average mass of ovaries contralateral to the previously pregnant uterine hom gradually grew from 3.7 :I: 0.91 g on day 10 post partum to 6.8 :I: 3.06 g on day 20, when it was heavier than ipsilateral ovaries (6.3 ± 2.92 g). The number of ovarian follicles 1 to 3 mm in size grew markedly between day 5 and 15 post partum, From day 5 post partum, ovaries exhibited increased numbers of follicles exceeding 3 mm in size. Slightly increased serum progesterone concentrations (0.6 -1.0 ng/ml) were found most frequently on days 20 and 25 post partum. Later, the number of cows with a concentration of 1.1 or more increased gradually. Post-partum period, ut~, waries, follicles, serum progesterone, cowAn early completion of post-partum structural and functional changes of reproductive organs in cows together with the onset of a cyclic ovarian activity is of paramount importance for achieving a continuous intensive reproduction in cattle. The opinions on when uterine involution in cows is completed are far from unanimous, the periods mentioned ranging between 16 and 60 days post partum (Rasbech 1950; Sipilov 1958, Schultz andGrunert 1959;Gier and Marion 1968; Morrow et a1. 1969;Studer and Morrow 1981;Hafez 1987;Kudlac and Elecko 1987;Arthur et al. 1989) Besides a large number of endogenous and exogenous factors inftuencing the involution, the differences also result from the fact that different criteria and more or less accurate indices are used. For similar reasons, the data on the onset of the cyclic ovarian activity exhibit considerable variations. Simultaneous growth, atresia and luteinization of follicles in the post-partum period leads, by a mechanism which has not yet been quite elucidated, to the selection of a dominant preovulatory follicle, ovulation and the appearance of the first cyclic corpus

Seventy-three cows with the history of laboured calving and complicated puerperium were observed for persisting pathological conditions in the genitalia, the incidence of bacteria and micromycetes in the cervical mucus and for subsequent fertility. Clinical examination at 28 to 32 days after parturition revealed persisting pathological processes, mainly inflammations, in the genitalia of 75.34 %, incomplete involution of the uterus in 50.68 %, absence of the sexual cycle in 26.02 % and the incipient syndrome of ovarian cysts in 17.80 % of the cows. By 55 to 65 days post partum the incidence of pathological processes had substantially decreased, the most frequently processes then observed being inflammations (in 34.24 % of the cows), particularly mucopurulent endometritis (in 17.80 % of the cows). Bacteriological and mycological examination detected, in keeping with the incidence of pathological processes, a number of pathogenic species. The most frequently identified bacteria and micromycetes were Actinomyces pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and beta-streptococci, and Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus jlavus, Aspergillus ochraceus and Aspergillus parasiticus, respectively. Compared with the means obtained in

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Inhalt: An 45 Erstlingssauen der Weißen Edelrasse wurden zwischen dem 1. und 24. Tag post partum die Veranderungen im Gehalt von Wasser, Ca, P, Mg, K, Na und Chloriden sowohl im Endometrium als auch im Myometrium untersucht. Der hochste Wassergehalt wurde bei Sauen kurz nach der Geburt (87,83 % bzw. 84,36 %), der niedrigste zwischen 19 und 24 Tagen pp. (84,52 % bzw. 82,68 %) festgestellt. Verglichen mit den Werten vom 1. bis 3. Tagp. p. war die Abnahme des Wassergehaltes im Endometrium bereits vom 4. Tag a n statistisch signifikant (p < 0,01). Im Myometrium wurde erst im Abschnitt 19.‐24. Tagp. p. eine schwach signifikante Abnahme im Wassergehalt errechnet. Bezogen auf die Trockensubstanzwerte von Endometrium und Myometrium nahmen im Verlauf des Puerperiums die Gehalte an P und K zu, von Mg und Cl ab, Ca und Na blieben weitgehend konstant. In beiden Schichten der Uteruswand waren die Anderungen im Wasser‐ und Mineraliengehalt gleichgerichtet; die Abnahme im Wassergehalt erfolgte schneller im Endometrium, die der Mineralien dagegen schneller im Myometrium.