We study steady-state properties of inelastic gases in two-dimensions in the presence of an energy source. We generalize previous hydrodynamic treatments to situations where high and low density regions coexist. The theoretical predictions compare well with numerical simulations in the nearly elastic limit. It is also seen that the system can achieve a nonequilibrium steady-state with asymmetric velocity distributions, and we discuss the conditions under which such situations occur.

In this work we examine a system of inelastic particles confined to move on a line between an elastic wall and a heat source. Solving a Boltzmann equation for this system leads to an analytic expression for steady state behavior. Numerical simulations show that the system is in fact capable of simultaneously displaying both the uniform density of the analytic solution, and a state in which the particles are collected into a cluster adjacent to the elastic wall. The boundary conditions for the Boltzmann treatment are then reworked to provide a theoretical description of how smooth particle distributions and clumping phenomena can coexist. From this, we gain a prediction for the time scale of clump formation in this system.

In this work we use computer simulations to examine the effects of boundary conditions on convection in vibrated granular systems. A two-dimensional model reproduces experimental results on the form of the convective velocities and the reversal of the convection rolls. We then look in detail at the role of the wall preparation and discuss a possible mechanism to account for the range of observed behaviors.

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