The anchorage in the form of soil nailing can be used for stabilizing weak natural soil slopes. It can also be used for steepening of new or naturally existing soil slopes. The nail anchorage in the soil can be in the form of reinforcement and in the different materials with different cross section area. The most of the failure of nail in soil have been reported as pullout failure due to tension on the nail, particularly in sandy soil. Because of increased cost and safety concerned the field test to determine pullout force is difficult. Therefore the laboratory studies were carried out in simulated conditions. In this research work, the laboratory investigation were carried out to observe the effect of tensile (pullout force) force on the soil nail in sandy soil. The pullout force on the nail was gradually increased and the corresponding displacement was recorded till failure of the nail due to continues sliding. The test results were compared to Standard values in earlier studies. It has been shown that a simple loading frame with testing tank model can be used to simulate the pullout load-displacement relationship and to determine peak pullout force of different type of nails. The various parameters studied were embedded length of the nail, the type of surface, the material and cross-section of nail.

This Research work is aimed to evaluate the suitability of slightly alkaline liquid sodium silicate for stabilization of black cotton soil of India. The study also aimed to investigate the effect of applying liquid sodium silicate with ordinary Portland cement on engineering properties of treated soil. The Laboratory testing involved during experimentation are Atterberg limit test, Proctor test, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test, Swelling test and Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) test. The locally available black cotton soil was treated on various combinations of liquid sodium silicate with ordinary Portland cement. The cement was taking 3 % constant and liquid sodium silicate varies 1%, 2%, 3%, 5% and 7% of dry weight of Soil. Samples were cured for 4,7,14 and 28 days before testing. It was observed that (1) CBR and UCS values increases and reduced the swelling properties up to 3% combination.(2) Beyond 3% combination it reduces the strength development and increases the swelling properties.(3) Curing enhanced strength development from 4 to 28 days. [8] Findings of the Laboratory investigation imply that good quality materials, dense compaction, longer curing and proper proportion of stabilizer should be applied for Cementious stabilization. Only the liquid sodium silicate is not a suitable stabilizer but it relatively gives encouraging results with combination of 3% cement by dry weight of soil. The Combination of 3% liquid sodium silicate with 3% cement by dry weight of soil was observed to be the best combination for stabilization of expansive soil as black cotton soil.