The magnesium–sulfur (MgS) battery is a promising alternative to the post-lithium battery because of its low-cost construction, eco-friendliness, high theoretical energy density, and safety. However, the lack of simple compatible electrolytes, self-discharge, polysulfide shuttle effect, and the slow conversion reaction pathway still limit its practical applications. Here, we propose a simple halogen-free electrolyte (HFE) based on Mg­(NO3)2 dissolved in the cosolvent of acetonitrile (ACN) and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl (G4) that applies to a Mg/S full cell. The as-prepared Mg-ion electrolyte exhibits efficient Mg plating/stripping performance, high anodic stability (vs Mg/Mg2+), and a high ionic conductivity of ∼10–4 S cm–1 at 313 K. Chronoamperometry (CA), scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy examinations report that the HFE supports flat, dendrite-free, and translucent Mg deposits. Polymer layer interface (PLI)-based polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and Mg­(O3SCF3)2 have been designed to isolate the surface of the Mg anode from the liquid electrolyte. A sulfur cathode with the anchoring materials of silicon carbide and barium titanate-based material has been designed and characterized. The Mg/S battery has been constructed with an initial discharge capacity of up to 1200 mAh g–1, and it has retained a reversible capacity at 100 mAh g–1 after 10 cycles. This study offers a pivotal role in designing a promising HFE candidate for a high-performance MgS battery.

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Magnesium batteries are regarded as promising candidates for energy storage devices owing to their high volumetric capacity. The practical application is hindered, however, by strong electrostatic interactions between Mg 2+ and the host lattice and due to the formation of a passivation layer between anode and electrolyte. V 2 O 5 is a typical intercalation compound with a layered crystal structure ((0 0 1) interlayer spacing ∼ 11.53 Å), which can act as a good host for the reversible insertion and extraction of multivalent cations. Herein, we have presented an investigation of the effects of S injection on the structure, electrochemical performance and Mg 2+ diffusion in V 2 O 5 cathode materials for Mg-ion batteries. The V 2 O 5 /S composite structure was investigated using X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The integrated electrode exhibits an improvement in the electrical and electrochemical properties compared to the V 2 O 5 electrode. The as-prepared V 2 O 5 /S composite has an initial discharge capacity of 310 mAh·g −1 compared to 160 mAh·g −1 for the V 2 O 5 electrode. The V 2 O 5 /S composite is a promising cathode material for magnesium-ion battery applications.