The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of components of female plasma on the value of bioactive luteinizing hormone (LH), especially in the presence of low immunological LH value. Using both an immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) and rat Leydig cell bioassay, immunoreactive (I) and bioactive (B) LH were assessed in plasma collected from women during a gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) test performed on day 7 of a spontaneous cycle. Two modes of response to an acute administration of GnRH were defined: normal production of gonadotrophins (group I) and excessive secretion (group II) associated with a significant difference in the B/I-LH ratio between the two groups. The B/I-LH ratio did not vary with sampling time during the test in either group. The addition of LH-free plasma collected from hypophysectomized women caused a 30% decrease in testosterone production compared to control values (in the presence or absence of hLH standard). A partial restoration of testosterone production was observed if plasma was first treated with PEG 12%. The inhibitory factor(s) was also present in plasma from ovulatory women, even after treatment by an antibody against the entire LH molecule. The effect of normal (A) or low I-LH plasma (B) on testosterone production varied strongly according to the plasma volume added to the bioassay, as well as to plasma treatments. Diethylether treatment caused a 50% decrease in testosterone secretion for plasma B (but not for A) whereas a diminution of the steroidogenesis is observed after a PEG treatment of plasma A (but not for B), suggesting that different inhibitory factors are present in plasmas A and B. Therefore the LH bioactivity measured in the rat Leydig cell assay, in terms of testosterone output, seems to represent a balance between the LH molecule and the presence of inhibitory factors in the plasma.
RESUMELes estrog~nes sont depuis longtemps consid~r~s comme des hormones sexuelles typiquement femelles; cependant ils semblent jouer un rSle ~minent dans le testicule tout aussi important que leur fonction endocrine classique. L'aromatase (enzyme qui transforme irr~versiblement les androg~nes en estrog~nes) est impliqu~e notamment dans le d~ve-loppement, la diff~renciation sexuelle et le comportement, la reproduction, les m~tabo-lismes osseux et lipidique, le fonctionnement du cerveau; son importance est donc capitale chez rhomme. Les donn~es mettant en ~vi-dence au sein du testicule plusieurs types cellnlaires op~rationnels dans la production d'estrog~nes, associ~s ~ la presence de r~cep-teurs sp~cifiques (ERa et ERfl) ~ plusieurs niveaux du tractus g~nital mais aussi sur certaines cellules sexuelles, plaident donc fortement en faveur d'un rSle intrins~que de ces hormones femelles en dehors de leur impact connu sur la secretion gonadotrope. Un certain nombre de preuves et d'arguments permettent de penser qu'une (ou des) relation (s) existe (nt) entre estrog~nes et infertilitY, en particulier au niveau ~pididymaire od la composition du fluide luminal de la t~te de l'~pididyme (zone essentielle pour la maturation du spermatozoide) serait modul~e par ces hormones femelles. Chez l'homme, les sites de production et le rSle des estrog~nes dans la spermatogen~se et la spermiogen~se ne sont pas encore totalement ~lucid~s; cependant, dans l'~tude des m~canismes physiopathologiques impliqu~s dans l'infertilit~ la participation des estrog~nes est de plus en plus envisag~e. En consequence, les estrog~nes se r~v~lent donc ~tre essentiels pour la reproduction du male ce qui nous am~nent reconsid~rer certaines notions de la physiologie de la reproduction masculine, avec non seulement des r~gulations androg~no-d~pen-dantes mais aussi estrog~no-contrSl~es.
No abstract
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