Density is one of the most important properties of seawater and is used in various marine research and technology. Traditionally, in the practice of oceanographic research, it is customary to consider density as a dependent parameter, which is a function of several other parameters taken as independent. Usually the following three parameters are used as the independent parameters: temperature, hydrostatic pressure and salinity. The issues of temperature and hydrostatic pressure measuring in situ are technologically well developed, while in the salinity measuring there are still unsolved problems. This is due to the fact that salinity is such a property that it is simply impossible to determine directly in situ. To eliminate the problems associated with measurements of salinity, the authors developed the special new kind equation. That equation of the new kind express the density of sea water through independent and in situ measured parameters: temperature, hydrostatic pressure and sound speed. The novelty of this approach is that using of the sound speed as the independent parameter makes it possible to exclude measurements of salinity. The authors developed two such new equations for the different cases of using. The first new equation is intended for use in technical applications and reproduces the sea water density in a wide range of the aquatic environment parameters with a root mean square deviation of 0.062 kg/m 3 . The second more precise new equation is intended for scientific applications and reproduces the sea water density in a narrower oceanographic range of parameters with a root mean square deviation of 0.0018 kg/m 3 .

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На основе проведенного анализа существующих акустических методов и приборов разработан макет автоматизированного прибора для выполнения совместных измерений in situ двух параметров: скорости звука и затухания ультразвука. Прибор создан на базе существующих профилографов скорости звука. Предложено заменить применяемые в измерителях скорости звука ИСЗ-1 конвертеры TDC-GP22 на более совершенные современные модифицированные конвертеры TDC-GP30, что позволяет значительно повысить точность измерения амплитуды отраженного акустического сигнала. Разработаны программы обработки сигналов, получаемых с первичного акустического преобразователя. Макет прибора прошел предварительные испытания.

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