Two bitches were presented to the Small Animal Clinic Unit of the Ahmadu Bello University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Zaria, Nigeria with clinical manifestation suggestive of gastric diverticulous and ulcer. The cases were confirmed through contrast radiography (using barium meal), hemogram, and ultrasonography. Management was effected using gastroplasty resulting in complete recovery from the initial clinical pr esentation.

Ethanol extract of Oryza barthii obtained by cold maceration was investigated for antinociceptive and antipyretic activities using the hot plate and brewer's yeast-induced hyperthermia methods, respectively in adult wistar rats. The medications used as positive control were piroxicam at 20 mg/kg intra-peritoneal (i.p) for the antinociceptive study and aspirin at 100 mg/kg i.p. for the antipyretic study and both induced significant delay in the reaction time of the rats to thermal stimulus and hyperthermia respectively. Oryza barthii (Poaceae) extract administered at dosages of between 125 -500 mg/kg i.p, significantly delayed the reaction time of rats to thermal stimulus produced by the hot plate and reduced the hyperthermia in a dose-dependent manner. The results showed that O. barthii possesses antinociceptive and antipyretic activities, thus justifying the folklore use of the plant in traditional medicine for the control of fever and can be an alternative medicament in the management of pyrexia.

The cost of medical care is an important issue all over the world. With worsening global economy and the poverty inherent in low earning economies in the third world countries, economic considerations have always remained a major determinant factor in the choice of treatment. In this study, the cost-effectiveness of pin-in-fibreglass cast fixator (PFCF) was comparatively evaluated against a commercially available fixator (Kirschner-Ehmer type I external fixator) (KESF) in the management of induced closed transverse mid-shaft radius-ulna fractures in dogs. Four adult (2 males and 2 females) dogs with closed transverse mid-shaft radius-ulna fractures were used for this study. These dogs were randomly assigned to two groups (A and B) with each group made up of two dogs. Radius-ulna fractures were created in all the dogs under injectable anaesthesia as follows: Group A; PFCF, and Group B; KESF. A cost analysis was performed using the duration of operative and post-operative procedures, duration of morbidity period, direct and indirect labour cost, and cost of dog-hour lost during the morbidity period as economic indices. The overall duration of the operative and the entire post-operative procedures were 5.5±0.14 and 22±0.

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Epidural anaesthesia is one of the most frequently used regional anesthetic techniques recommended for surgical procedures caudal to the umbilicus in dogs. However, the use of lignocaine alone for epidural regional analgesia has been discovered to have shorter duration of analgesia and prolong onset of action, hence there is need to explore combinations of agents that will overcome this challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the anaesthetic/analgesic effect of cranial epidural anaesthesia in dogs undergoing cystotomy using Lignocaine in combination with acepromazine at the dose rates of 7 mg/kg and 0.05 mg/kg respectively.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Eight apparently healthy matured, male and female dogs were used for the experiment. The onset and duration of analgesia was determined. The pulse rates, respiratory rates, mean arterial blood pressure, rectal temperature, complete blood count and the oxygen saturation level were determined at baseline, intra operative and post-operative.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> There were no significant differences in all the parameters measured before and after the epidural administration of the agents. The onset of anaesthesia was rapid and the duration of anaesthesia was sufficient enough for the procedure to be carried out. However, there was significant difference in PCV, Hb and total RBC count between the baseline and other timing intervals. There were no significant differences in leucocytic and cardiopulmonary parameters between the baseline and other timing intervals.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The epidural administration of lignocaine and acepromazine combination at the doses indicated can produced sufficient epidural anaesthesia with rapid onset for the purpose of cystotomy in dogs without major systemic influence on hemodynamic and cardiopulmonary changes.</p>

Analgesic effect of Sansevieria longiflora (S. longiflora) on surgically created wound was studied. Phytochemical screening of the crude water extracts was carried out following standard procedures. Sansevieria longiflora leaves was heated and the sap was squeezed into a sample bottle to be used as it was traditional believed. Its water extract was also prepared following standard procedure. Four (4) albino rats consisting of 2 males and 2 females were used for the study. One centimeter full thickness skin incision was created on 4 different locations at the dorsal region of each rat under anaesthesia. Each of the 4 wounds created was topically treated once daily with S. longiflora sap (E), S. longiflora water extract (F), Physiological saline solution (C) and xylocaine cream (G). The treatment regimen was rotated in a clockwise direction on each rat. Pain perception was evaluated with an algometer at 6:00 GMT (morning) and 18:00 GMT (evening) from day 1 post surgery for 5 days. The phytochemical studies revealed that S. longiflora contains carbohydrates, glycoside, saponins, steroids, triterpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins. Day1 after the surgery, the mean morning value of force (N) required to elicit pain in xylocaine treated wounds (5.2 ± 0.79) were significantly higher (p<0.001) than that of physiological saline solution (2.8 ± 0.29) whereas, not different from that of S. longiflora sap (4.48 ± 0.57) and water extract (4.2 ± 0.6). Similarly, on the day 5 after the surgery, the mean morning value of force (N) required to elicit pain in xylocaine treated wounds were significantly higher (p<0.0001) than that of physiological saline solution (PSS) treated wounds and not different from that of S. longiflora sap and water extract. This showed that S. longiflora sap and water extract possess analgesic effect on incisional wounds. This study serves as a preliminary study on this plant towards searching for potent analgesics that could be used for procedural pain management. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.55(2), 99-106, 2020