No abstract

The amounts of carbohydrate, protein, crude fat, crude fiber, ash, and mineral elements (Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, Potassium, Sodium, and Zinc) in two kinds of rice grown in Igbemo-Ekiti, Ekiti State, were determined in this study. Using Gc-Ms spectrometric analysis, the fatty acids contained in the oil of Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima were identified. On a dry weight basis, the estimated carbohydrate content of rice samples ranged from 71.41 ± 0.37 to 74.02 ± 0.35 %, with no significant difference in carbohydrate content amongst the examined species, with Oryza glaberrima having the highest carbohydrate content. Protein levels ranged from 7.06 ±0.35 to 7.11 ± 0.20 %, with Oryza sativa having the highest protein content. The crude fat levels in the tubers ranged from 6.26 ± 0.04 to 7.18 ±0.17 %, with Oryza sativa having the highest level. The crude fiber content ranged from 3.02 ±0.32 to 3.77± 0.38 %, with Oryza sativa having the highest level and the ash content ranging from 0.51± 0.07 to 0.92± 0.32 %. Calcium, sodium, and potassium concentrations were all fairly high in both species. The Gc-Ms chromatogram indicated a wide range of bioactive chemicals, the majority of which were fatty acids. Linolenic acid, Arachidic acid, Palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, Myristoleic acid, and Capric acids were some of the primary chemical components detected in the Oryza sativa chromatogram, however monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were found in lesser amounts. Linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitoleic acid, Myristoleic acid, Elaidic acid, Linolelaidic acid, stearic acid, and Behenic acid have been discovered in Oryza glaberrima, making them more favorable in nutrition and diet. The two Oryza types were found to be high in fatty acids, protein, and mineral content.

The negative impact of insecticides used to combat insect-borne plant ailments cannot be emphasized, as they have had a major influence on plant yields throughout time, and the side effect of insecticide residue on consumers cannot be overstated either. Callosobrochus maculatus is an insect that attacks cowpeas and has the potential to significantly reduce crop productivity. This research developed from investigations into the utilization of biological control technologies that have little or no harmful influence on humans or the environment. The leaves of Bacopa Floribunda (BFL) and Ludwigia Decurrens (LDL) were air dried, powdered, and extracted with n-hexane. The insecticidal activities were carried out according to protocol, and the LC50 was determined using online software from AAT Bioquest, Inc. The presence of bioactive compounds was detected using GC-MS. The Callosobrochus maculatus mortality rate was found to be a function of exposure time and concentration of the extracts, with the maximum mortality rate (66.67±8.82 percent) occurring after 72 hours at 0.5 mg/ml for BFL extract. The highest mortality rate (70.00 ±5.77 percent) was obtained for the LDL extract at 72 hours at 0.5 mg/ml of the extract concentration, which was better than the other extract (BFL) at 0.5 mg/ml. The lethal concentration LC50 for BFL varies from 0.251 (24 hours), 0.276 (48 hours), and 0.223 (72 hours), while the LC50 for LDL extract is 0.228 (24 hours), 0.039 (48 hours), and 0.663 (72 hours) (72 hrs). The presence of chemicals found could be linked to the extracts’ insecticidal properties. The excellent potential of the extracts as insect biocontrol agents against Callosobrochus maculatus can be recommended for future research as insect biocontrol agents.