For the immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis infection, in addition to standard skin tests (Mantoux test with 2 TU PPD-L and Diaskintest), in vitro tests are currently used, one of which is the T-spot.TB test. Purpose of research. Evaluate the T-SPOT test as a method of early detection of tuberculosis infection in children and adolescents and its role as an additional method in solving the problem of the need for chemoprophylaxis. Materials and methods. The analysis of the results of T-SPOT.TB in 794 children aged 2 to 17 years inclusive in the period from 2016 to 2019 was carried out. Two groups were allocated: 1 group (n = 596)-children who underwent T-SPOT.TB as the main methodology; Group 2-198 children with positive skin test results for a recombinant tuberculosis allergen after screening. The results of T-SPOT.TB were evaluated taking into account the data of previous immunodiagnostics and associated pathology. Results. It is established that T-SPOT.TB. can be used as an independent method in case of rejection of skin tests. The level of latent tuberculosis infection is higher among children with concomitant pathology according to the results of T-SPOT.TB twice. Conclusion. T-SPOT.TB can be an alternative method for diagnosing tuberculosis infection during screening. In children with concomitant pathology of the T-SPOT.TB can serve as the leading method of tuberculosis immunodiagnosis. A positive T-SPOT.TB can serve as an additional method for deciding on the appointment of preventive chemotherapy.

Г Б О У В П О « С а м а р с к и й г о с у д а р с т в е н н ы й м е д и ц и н с к и й у н и в е р с и т е т » М З Р Ф , г. С а м а р а П р едставл ен ы результаты трехлетнего н абл ю ден и я з а 96 В И Ч-и н ф и ц и р о в а н н ы м и детьм и, со стоящ и м и н а учете в С П И Д-ц ен тр е. З а 3 года н абл ю ден и я и н ф и ц и р о ва н и е м и ко б актер и я м и ту б ер ку л еза д и агности ровано у 27,3% (n = 23) В И Ч-и н ф и ц и р о в ан н ы х детей из наблю даем ой группы. В едущ им ф ак то р о м р и ск а по ту б ер ку лезу я в л я л с я сем ей н ы й ко н такт с бол ьн ы м ту б ер ку лезо м 22,6% (n = 19). П р и вер ж ен н о сть к н аблю ден и ю и л ечен и ю , своеврем ен н о н азн ач ен н ая п р евен ти вн ая п р о ти во ту б ер к у л езн ая х и м и о тер ап и я и вы со к о ак т и в н ая ан ти р етр о в и р у сн ая тер ап и я сп о со бствовал и п р едуп реж ден и ю р азв и т и я л о к ал ь н ы х ф о р м ту б е р к у л е за в н абл ю даем ой груп п е детей. К лю чевы е слова: ту бер кулез, В И Ч-и н ф е к ц и я , п р о б а М анту, ди аски н тест, контакт, и н ф и ц и р о ва н и е , вы со к о ак т и в н ая ан ти р етр о в и р у сн ая терап и я.

High spread of HIV infection (more than 0,5% among the population) was registered in 26 regions of the Russian : Federation, where 41,5% of the country's population live. Aim - to estimate the dynamics of the spread of HIV infection in the region that used to be among the regions most affected by HIV-infection in the Russian Federation; to determine the state of HIV infection among women and children. Materials and methods. The official reporting data ; of the State Regional Clinical Hospital "Samara Regional Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and : Infectious Diseases" were used. Results. As of 1 January 2017, Samara region is on the 13th place in terms of morbidity due to HIV (104.1 per 100 000 population). Increase in the birth rate of children born from HIV-infected mothers has been observed since 2002 (10,365 children were born in the Samara Region : since the beginning of the epidemic). The diagnosis of "HIV infection" was confirmed in 494 children. Conclusion. Characteristic features ofthe HIV epidemic in the Samara region are: the greatest prevalence of disease in the big cities of the region with further expansion into smaller towns and rural areas. There is the predominance of the sexual mode of transmission at present time. Evolution of the infection is manifested by an increase in the number of infected women, which account for about 40,0% of HIV cases. The rate of detectable HIV infection in pregnant women is growing at a consistently high level, and the proportion of births among HIV-infected pregnant women is increasing. The total cumulative percentage of perinatal HIV infection was 4,8% (0.8% - in 2016).

Достоверным диагностическим критерием туберкулеза является обнаружение Mycobacterium tuberculosis в материале, полученном от больного. В статье дана информация о применении бактериоскопического, бактериологического, молекулярно-биологических методов выявления M. tuberculosis, представлены их характеристики с учетом преимуществ и недостатков. Для своевременной диагностики и успешного лечения туберкулеза все более широко внедряются инновационные методы выявления M. tuberculosis и определения лекарственной устойчивости. Ключевые слова:туберкулез; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; микроскопический метод; бактериологический метод; молекулярно-генетические методы; определение лекарственной чувствительности; биочипы; полимеразная цепная реакция в реальном времени Финансирование. Работа не имела финансовой поддержки. Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.