Asynchronies (desynchronies, dyssynchrony) is a disturbance of the harmonious interaction between the patient’s respiratory system and а ventilator. Asynchronies occur as a result of various reasons and with any form of respiratory support (non-invasive, assisted or fully controlled mechanical ventilation). Asynchrony is a significant cause of biomechanics and gas exchange disorders in the development of both self-injury and ventilator-induced lung injury, an increase of the respiratory support duration and mortality in patients with respiratory failure. Understanding the mechanisms of the asynchrony pathogenesis and assessment of the patient’s respiratory system condition make it possible to timely identify and resolve disturbance of the patient-ventilator interactions. The article presents a classification, the main causes of development, diagnostic and correction methods of different variants of desynchronies in patients with respiratory disorders during of respiratory support.

Respiratory biomechanics of the lungs describes the static and dynamic state of the human respiratory system in normal and in various pathological conditions. Assessment of respiratory biomechanics indicators is one of the most important tools for reasoned optimization of respiratory support parameters. Modern ventilators have wide opportunities for monitoring the biomechanics of respiration, which helps to optimize the parameters of the patient’s respiratory pattern. Expert class ventilators provide an opportunity for in-depth monitoring of biomechanics, which is extremely important in the treatment of severe respiratory disorders. The review presents the basics of the lungs respiratory biomechanics, the principles for assessing its indicators, interpretation and application in clinical practice.