Uveitis is an inflammatory process that initially starts in the uvea, but can also affect other adjacent eye structures, and is currently the fourth cause of blindness in developed countries. Corticoids are probably the most widespread treatment, but resorting to other immunosuppressive treatments is a frequent practice. Since the implication of different cytokines in uveitis has been well demonstrated, the majority of recent treatments for this disease include inhibitors or antibodies against these. Nevertheless, adequate treatment for each uveitis type entails a difficult therapeutic decision as no clear recommendations are found in the literature, despite the few protocolized clinical assays and many case-control studies done. This review aims to present, in order, the mechanisms and main indications of the most modern immunosuppressive drugs against cytokines.

Resident and infiltrated macrophages play relevant roles in uveitis as effectors of innate immunity and inductors of acquired immunity. They are major effectors of tissue damage in uveitis and are also considered to be potent antigen-presenting cells. In the last few years, experimental animal models of uveitis have enabled us to enhance our understanding of the leading role of macrophages in eye inflammation processes, including macrophage polarization in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis and the major role of Toll-like receptor 4 in endotoxin-induced uveitis. This improved knowledge should guide advantageous iterative research to establish mechanisms and possible therapeutic targets for human uveitis resolution.

Objectives: To develop the first Spanish Pediatric Trauma Registry to collect and evaluate infornation concerning aspects of injuries in our pediatric population. Methods: From January 1995 to August 1998.946 children younger than 16 years were treated in our hospital for acute injury: 1500 were admitted and ineluded in our database. Dur file registry consists of 108 data points ineluding: patient identification, type. place and mechanism of injury, pre-hospital care, transport, assess· ment on admission, severity scores, diagnostic studies, injuries, treatment morbidity and mortality. Results: Aceidents were more frequent in males (68 %) than in fern ales. The predominant age group was 12 -15 years of age (34%). Aceidents were more frequent in the street (35.1 %) than at horne (18.9%) or school (13%). Falls and traffic-related aceidents were the leading cause of injury (39% and 21.2%, respectively). Two hundred and thirty-five (15.7%) had a Pediatric Trauma Score::; 8. Fifty of these sustained multiple trauma (33 %) (Injury Severity Scorẽ 15). Musculoskeletal and head trauma were the most frequent injuries (48.5% and 42.0%, respectively). Surgical or orthopedic procedures were performed in 906 patients (56.5 %). The average Jength of stay was 4.5 days (range 1 -93 days). Functional impairment in children older than 4 years of age was found in 413 children (33.3 %). We encountered 7 deaths in the 1500 patients, or an overall mortality of 0.5%. These 7 deaths were only seen in the I.S.S.~15 group (50 patients) with 14% mortality. Conclusions: The goals of this Registry are to estabJish the epidemiology of our injured pediatric population, to review patient care, to deveJop prevention programs and to compare results with other centers so that potential deficieneies can be corrected.• Key words: Pediatric Trauma -Registry -Epidemiology Resume Objectifs: Developper le premier registre des traumatismes pediatriques espagnol pour appreeier Jes differents aspects des traumatismes dans notre population pediatrique. Methodes:Eur

No abstract

Combined customized PDT + ranibizumab treatment can achieve visual results similar to those obtained with intravitreal monotherapy with the advantage of fewer intravitreous injections and reduced potential for adverse effects.