Abstract. The atmospheric blocking over eastern Europe and western Russia that prevailed during July and August of 2010 led to the development of a devastating Russian heat wave. Therefore the question of whether the event was predictable or not is highly important. The principal aim of this study is to examine the predictability of this high-impact atmospheric event on a seasonal timescale. To this end, a set of dynamical seasonal simulations have been carried out using an atmospheric global circulation model (AGCM). The impact of various model initializations on the predictability of this large-scale event and its sensitivity to the initial conditions has been also investigated. The ensemble seasonal simulations are based on a modified version of the lagged-average forecast method using different lead-time initializations of the model. The results indicated that only a few individual members reproduced the main features of the blocking system 3 months ahead. Most members missed the phase space and the propagation of the system, setting limitations in the predictability of the event.

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The present paper presents the results of a study on the effect of cold deformation upon isothermal aging in S32654 and S31254 superaustenitic stainless steels. Samples were cold rolled up to 60% and aged within the temperature range of 650-950uC for time up to 120 h. Several precipitate species were identified following aging of the steels, with sigma s phase being the predominant one. The present study helped clarify the effect of cold deformation on the precipitation sequences for both superaustenitic stainless steel grades studied. Cold rolling was found to accelerate precipitation, which occurred during subsequent isothermal exposure. The amount, shape and spatial distribution of all precipitates is an important factor that in general results to higher hardness values, found to be enhanced by prior cold deformation. Finally, the experiments performed indicate a number of phase transformations to precipitation sequences of intermetallic phases taking place, clearly specifying a time-temperature transformation regime where care must be taken during the use of these steels.

The effect of local nandrolone decanoate use on a rotator cuff tear is detrimental, acting as a healing inhibitor.

The concept of designing a steel that would match high corrosion resistance coupled with improved mechanical properties when exposed at elevated temperatures has always been a challenge for a metallurgist. The present paper relates the results of microstructural analysis of two commercial superaustenitic stainless steel grades and a novel experimental grade of superferritic stainless steel. A study of the microstructural stability and attendant mechanical property evolution has been carried out, employing a variety of aging experiments. Following prolonged aging up to 1000 h in the temperature range between 650 and 950°C, microstructure evolution was determined, while the mechanical properties were preliminary assessed via hardness testing. The present study helped clarify the effect of high temperature exposure on the precipitation sequences of both superaustenitic and novel superferritic stainless steels. The heat treatments performed indicate a number of precipitation sequences of intermetallic phases taking place, such as σ phase formation, clearly specifying a time–temperature regime where care must be taken during the fabrication and use of these materials.