El Nevado de Toluca fue decretado como Parque Nacional, reconociendo su importancia como sitio de recarga de los acuíferos, así como el valor de sus recursos naturales. Hoy es, sin embargo, escenario de una acelerada depredación tanto humana como natural. El muérdago es una de las plantas parásitas más importantes del grupo de las heterófitas debido a que causa serios perjuicios sobre otros vegetales y que se ha convertido un problema reciente debido a los niveles de infestación del parásito. En este trabajo se obtuvieron datos que permitieron conocer la distribución espacial de este parásito y mapas sobre su densidad en la zona de estudio; para esto se utilizaron plataformas de software ya existentes que han sido probadas ampliamente. El resultado de este estudio permitirá realizar programas de manejo de este parásito que sea sustentada por información confiable, que presumiblemente lleve a lograr un control adecuado de este problema.

Se determinó la distribución espacial de las ninfas del mosquito verde Jacobiasca lybica a lo largo de un año en una parcela de regadío, en Cádiz, España. Los resultados demostraron que las poblaciones de ninfas dentro de la zona de estudio presentaron una distribución agregada, formándose varios centros de agregación, hecho corroborado por los mapas elaborados mediante el Krigeado. La infestación no fue uniforme y se logró detectar una estabilidad espaciotemporal de las poblaciones de ninfas. Se logró determinar además que, es posible mediante las técnicas de Agricultura de Precisión reducir los costos económicos y ambientales.

During the last five years, Bactericera cockerelli Sulc. has caused significant economic losses in potato production in Mexico, due to the purple top and zebra chip diseases, since it acts as the vector of Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous. Despite its importance as a vector of serious potato diseases, the knowledge of its spatial distribution behavior, which could improve the efficiency of control measures, is entirely lacking. The main objective of this work was to compare the spatial distribution of the immature and adult stages of B. cockerelli obtained in a potato field by means of transect and quadrant sampling techniques and of geostatistics tools that allow the visualization of its spatial distribution in the field. Transect and quadrant samplings showed that the immature stages (eggs and nymphs) of B. cockerelli present a clustered distribution. The validation of the achieved semivariograms in the three dates of sampling corroborated the aggregated distribution of immatures and adults of the insect. The maps obtained in the sampling by using the quadrant or the transect approaches reflect the aggregated structure of the insect populations which did not infest 100% of the plot area. This allowed us to identify infested and free areas, what will aid in decisions for selecting alternatives of control.

Knowledge about the spatiotemporal stability and distribution of the disease is important for the development of integrated management programs. The present study was performed to model the spatial distribution of S. reilianum from 2006 to 2009 using geostatistic techniques and to determine the spatiotemporal stability of corn head smut via a spatial analysis by distance indices (SADIE) and the Cramer-von Mises test. The incidence of the disease was determined in 100 corn parcels located in Santa Magdalena Valle de Bravo Municipality, and the parcel locations were determined with dGPS. The spatial distribution analysis was performed using spatial statistics (Geostatistic and SADIE). Aggregation maps were developed; and the long term spatiotemporal stability was determined with the Cramer-von Mises test and the SADIE association index. The results showed that geostatistics were able to establish S. reilianum spatial patterns, visualizing its centers of aggregation through elaborated maps. Such aggregation enables adequate management actions in terms of points or specific sites. The association index of SADIE (I m ) and the bi-variable Cramer-von Mises (Ψ) proof make it possible to determine the spatiotemporal stability of the disease over the four years of the study.