Milk fat was replaced in Oaxaca‐type cheese with soya bean oil emulsions stabilised with soya protein isolate and different carrageenans (kappa, iota and lambda). Inclusion of soya bean oil emulsion increased yield, moisture and protein content and reduced fat content. Fat reduction and moisture incorporation provoked a tougher but less ductile texture. Specific interaction of carrageenans with milk proteins resulted in larger spreading area when melted and a softer and more adhesive texture, particularly in samples containing lambda‐carrageenan. These results are useful to improve the nutritional composition of Oaxaca‐type cheese, allowing the control of textural properties during cheese melting.
SUMMARY:In order to modify the fatty acid profile of panela-type cheese (a Mexican fresh cheese), emulsified soybean oil with soy protein isolate and different carrageenan (iota, kappa or lambda) was employed as fat replacer. The replacement of milk fat in panela-type cheese resulted in higher cheese yield values and moisture content, besides a concomitant lower fat phase and higher protein content, due to a soy protein isolate in emulsified soybean oil. Fat replacement resulted in a harder but less cohesive, spring and resilient texture, where differences in texture could be attributed to the specific carrageenan-casein interactions within the rennet coagulated cheese matrix. The FTIR analysis showed that the milk fat replacement changed the fatty acid profile, also in function of the type of carrageenan employed. Lambda carrageenan containing emulsions improved moisture retention and maintained the textural properties of panela-type cheese. KEYWORDS: Carrageenan; Emulsified soybean oil; Fat replacement; Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy;Panela-type cheese; Textural profile analysis RESUMEN: Efecto del tipo de carragenina en emulsiones de aceite de soja/aislado de proteína de soja utilizadas como sustituto de grasa en quesos tipo panela. Para modificar el perfil de ácidos grasos de los quesos tipo panela (queso fresco popular en México), se utilizó aceite de soja emulsionado con aislado de proteína de soja y diferentes carrageninas (iota, kappa o lambda) como sustituto de la grasa. Reemplazar la grasa de la leche en el queso tipo panela resultó en mayor rendimiento quesero y mayor contenido de humedad, además de una concomitante menor fase grasa y mayor contenido de proteína, debido al aislado de proteína de soja en el aceite de soja emulsionado. La sustitución de la grasa dio como resultado una textura más dura, pero menos cohesiva, elástica y resiliente, donde estas diferencias podrían ser atribuidas a la interacción especifica entre carrageninas-caseinas en la matriz coagulada del queso. El análisis de FTIR muestra que reemplazar la grasa de la leche cambia el perfil de ácidos grasos, también en función del tipo de carragenina empleado. Las emulsiones con lambda carrageninas mejoraron la retención de humedad y mantuvieron las propiedades de textura del queso tipo panela.
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