Acute abdominal pain in the pediatric population is a common complaint in emergency services. The diagnosis of this clinical condition is often challenging, since it can be a clinical or surgical disease, localized, systemic or functional, with abdominal or extra-abdominal causes. Objective: Development of a protocol and flowchart for investigative and, consequently, therapeutic targeting of pediatric patients with acute abdominal pain. Methodology: Bibliographic research using review articles and book chapters, including the Pediatrics Treaty and recommendations of the São Paulo Pediatric Society. Results: The literature review was used to, based on evidence, provide updated recommendations for the assessment, investigation and treatment of acute abdominal pain in the pediatric population, improving the quality of care. Conclusions: This article is intended to help clinical practice with the formulation of a protocol and flowchart of conducts that aim to establish an investigative and, consequently, therapeutic direction, reducing hospitalization time, as well as early interventions. The protocol was approved by the Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio (HUWC) quality management and is now available for consultation on the hospital’s intranet.