Highlights• Cancer as an open, complex, self-organizing nonlinear dynamic system.• The epithelial-mesenchymal transition appears as ""first order"" phase transition.• EMT exhibit a Shilnikov"s chaos.
Cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide. 90% of deaths caused by this disease occur 12 due to metastasis. Two models are proposed that rescue fundamental aspects of metastasis, such as EMT (epithelial mesenchymal transition), extravasation and colonization. The results suggest that strengthening the immune system during EMT as well as its 19 specialization in the detection of DTCs (disseminated tumor cells) can be effective strategies in the 20 treatment of metastasis.
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