The effect of different cadmium concentrations (6 -120 µM) on Hill reaction activity (HRA) of isolated chloroplasts, contents of chlorophylls (Chls) and carotenoids (Cars), and Cd uptake and accumulation in plant organs of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. cv. Vitasso) and mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] were determined. The Cd stress inhibited photochemical activity of isolated chloroplasts of both species and in both tested developmental stages. On the basis of EC 50 values, the mung bean showed a higher sensitivity to Cd treatment than Indian mustard. The higher sensitivity of both species was determined in the earlier than in the older developmental stage. The leaves of Cd-treated plants possessed lower contents of Chls and Cars in both species and the negative effect increased with Cd concentration. A difference between species was also found in Cd uptake and accumulation. In both species, Cd was accumulated more in roots than in shoots, with higher accumulation in Indian mustard than in mung bean.

Thirteen of the new synthetized 2-R substituted benzothiazole derivatives have been tested for plant growth regulatory (PGR) activity. The effect on growth elongation was studied on wheat coleoptile segments Triticum aestivum L. cv. Blava, and on the hypocotyl and roots in cucumber Cucumis sativum L. cv. Evita. The formation and number of adventitious roots and the length of hypocotyl in Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek and, the effect on the length of stem, fresh and dry mass in buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. cv. Pyra were evaluated. Cytokinin activity was determined on segments of barley leaves Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Jubilant on the basis of senescence inhibition and chlorophyll content. The benzothiazole derivatives were tested in the range of 10^–3–10^–7M concentrations, and PGR activity was compared with indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid and 6-furfurylaminopurine. All tested derivatives showed different auxine-like effects on elongation growth of plants and the stimulative effects were found to depend on applicable concentrations. At higher concentration rates, derivatives acted as growth retardants and inhibited the length of cucumber hypocotyl and roots. The derivatives increased the formation of adventitious roots of mung bean hypocotyl cuttings, as well as stem elongation and production of fresh and dry mass of buckwheat. Cytokinin activity was confirmed in one derivate only with a significant effect on the inhibition of leaf senescence and higher chlorophyll content. The tested benzothiazole derivatives may be characterized as biologically active substances with dominant auxine-like growth promoting activity

No abstract

Один из ведущих экологических факторов, действующий при нарушении целостности озонового слоя,-естественная ультрафиолетовая радиация влияет на растительные организмы в естественной природной среде. Искусственные источники ртутно-кварцевые лампы, такие как БНПО 2-30-001У3,5, могут использоваться в растениеводстве для стимулирования процессов прорастания семян. В статье показано, что УФ-облучение семян вызывает изменения в ходе процесса роста и морфогенеза растений. Ультрафиолетовое облучение, как и любой стрессовый фактор, вызывает реакции адаптации, включающие изменения физиолого-биохимических процессов, в том числе и повышение активности ферментов. Стимуляция во время прорастания семени, ускоряющая рост проростков и развитие листьев, включает электрофизические способы, в частности обработку посевного материала ультрафиолетовыми источниками излучения. Экологическая безопасность таких технологий делает их актуальными и востребованными в сельскохозяйственном производстве. Использование ртутно-кварцевой лампы БНПО 2-30-001У3,5 для стимулирования физиологических и биохимических процессов в прорастающих семенах позволило выявить морфологические отличия проростков, различную активность ферментов в зависимости от времени экспозиции в процессе облучения. Облучив семена ртутно-кварцевой лампой БНПО 2-30-001У3,5, проводили замачивание в дистиллированной воде и в процессе набухания и наклевывания определяли активность амилазы и каталазы. В ходе эксперимента были установлены оптимальные режимы облучения семян источником УФ-излучения. У семян, подвергавшихся облучению в течение 3 и 5 минут, лабораторная всхожесть повышалась на 4-11%.

There have been conducted comprehensive studies of the effect of UV irradiation on enzymatic activity in the germination period of winter wheat seeds under different irradiation regimes. They have identified the maximum increase in amylase activity on the fourth day from the beginning of seed germination in variants with three and five minute UV irradiation and this indicator’s value exceeded that of the control variant on 58.6 % and 64.1%, respectively. Catalase activity was of its maximum value by the fourth day from the beginning of seed germination in variants with three and five minute UV irradiation and exceeded the value of the control variant on 14.7% and 17.7%, respectively. Peroxidase activity was of its maximum on the eighth day from the beginning of seed germination in all experimental variants. In a variant with three minute UV irradiation, peroxidase activity exceeded the control values of this indicator on 50% and in a variant with five minute UV irradiation on 55%. The use of a mercury-quartz lamp BNPO 2-30-001U3.5 to stimulate physio-logical and biochemical processes in germinating seeds made it possible to identify different enzymatic activities depending on the time exposure to UV irradiation.