BackgroundBoth gravitational loading and the forces generated by muscle contraction have direct effects on serum markers of bone metabolism. The object of this study was to examine the direct effects of a single session of resistance exercise or walking on biochemical markers of bone metabolism in participants with low bone mass.MethodsA total of 150 otherwise healthy female subjects (mean age = 59.1 ± 7.1 years) diagnosed with osteoporosis or osteopenia were randomly allocated to either a resistance exercise group (RG; n = 50), walking group (WG; n = 50), or control group (CG; n = 50). Changes in bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), carboxy-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), and serum sclerostin concentrations were measured before and immediately after a single exercise intervention.ResultsThere was no significant change in BALP values in any of the groups. Sclerostin levels increased in the RG and WG, and there was significant difference between the WG and CG after the exercise intervention (P < 0.01). In contrast, the changes in CTX concentrations from baseline were significant in the RG (P < 0.01) but not in the WG (P = 0.11), and there was a significant difference between resistance exercise and walking (P < 0.01).ConclusionsIn participants with low bone mass, resistance exercise influenced the serum concentrations of CTX, a marker of bone resorption, but walking did not.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN16329455; retrospectively registered on 05/05/2016.

As a prevention, a physically active lifestyle including the performance of weight-bearing exercises is important to enhance and maintain bone mineral content. Fifty young women were selected for the study. Twenty-five women carried out a specific training directed by a physiotherapist in the training group (TG), while 25 women were walking for 60 minutes in the control group (CG). Total and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (ALP and BALP) and C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide (CTX) levels were measured at the beginning and at the end of exercise. The most remarkable change was seen in CTX levels (TG -28.89%, p < 0.001; CG -52.54%, p < 0.001), and there was also a significant difference in the values of CTX between TG and CG (p = 0.012). Therefore, walking more significantly reduced the level of CTX than special exercise. The decrease of BALP in TG was considerable but not significant (TG -4.63%, p = 0.091), while BALP levels dropped significantly in CG (-7.65%, p = 0.011), and there was a non-significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.22). Regarding the ALP level, a significant reduction was detected in TG and CG (-6.84%, p < 0.001 vs. -4.57%, p < 0.001). This study reveals that the 60-minute, middle-intensity training and the brisk walking have an immediate effect on bone metabolic markers.

classes that HIV patients were receiving in the two groups were recorded. T-test, Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used for the statistical analysis between two groups. Results: A total of 65 patients were in the MDM group and 864 patients were in PHM group. The TNMC that the HIV patients were on had no significant difference between the PHM and the MDM groups (6.77±2.56 vs 6.2±2.91, p= 0.1268). The PHM group had significantly higher rates of HIV patients who were on antihyperlipidemics (p=0345), dermatologicals (p< 0.0003), endocrine (p= 0.0014), and gastrointestinal (p=0.0003) than the PHM group. PHM group had a higher rate of genitourinary medications than the MDM group (p= 0.0378). ConClusions: The PHM HIV patients in correctional facilities were less likely to be on multiple medication classes than MDM. Medications for chronic conditions and antibiotics were more common in the MDM group. More analysis is needed to examine the differences between the groups to clearly articulate the role of the pharmacists versus the physicians in HIV management in the correctional facilities. In addition, it would be important to identify areas where pharmacists can have the greatest impact.

p 3 = 0.002). Compared to the preoperatively measured, the fail of the three measured respiratory functional values on the 7 th postoperative day was significantly smaller in Group1 than Group2 (VC, FEV 1 , PEF; Group1: 14.18±12.61%; 12.82±14.31%; -6.29±18.46%; Group2: 25.60±16.11%; 23.05±14.93%; 13.70±19.28%; p 1 = 0.043, p 2 = 0.046, p 3 = 0.004). There was no difference between groups in duration of mechanical ventilation and average stay of intensive care unit. Incidence of atelectasis was 10% in Group1, while 0% in Group2. Pre-and postoperative respiratory functional values did not correlate significantly with extubation time (p> 0.05). ConClusions: The applying of preoperative PT to cardiac surgical patients with COPD is effective since the examined respiratory functional values reduced less and increased better in the postoperative period at the preoperatively treated group.

and it concluded in April 2012. Socioeconomic costs per patient were calculated. Costs were divided in 4 categories: direct health care costs (drugs, medical visits, exams, material), direct non-health care formal costs (professional carers, social services), direct non-health care informal costs (unpaid carers) and indirect costs (patient's and carer's productivity loss). Both patients and their carers completed a generic scale EQ-5D to measure HRQOL. RESULTS: A total of 697 patients and their carers responded the questionnaire, 28% affected by Cystic Fibrosis, 21% by Scleroderma and 11% by X-Fragile Syndrome. For most of the diseases an important part of the total costs were the direct non-health care informal costs, i.e. time of patient's main carer and other unpaid carers. Total annual cost per patient oscillated between 20.000 € (Haemophilia) and 200.000 € (Mucopolysaccharidosis). Regarding the HRQOL measured by EQ-5D, the most affected patients were those with Mucopolysaccharidosis and Duchenne Muscular Distrophy, which correlated with the HRQOL of their carers and total costs. CONCLUSIONS: Besides results on costs and HRQOL presented, the main outcome of BURQOL-RD is an integrated and harmonized set of instruments to assess and monitor socioeconomic burden and HRQOL of patients affected by rare diseases and their carers. The tools developed by BURQOL-RD will also improve RD awareness and literacy among European citizens.