No abstract

Оганесянц Лев Арсенович, академик РАН, д.т.н., профессор, Песчанская Виолетта Александровна, Дубинина Елена Васильевна, к.т.н., Небежев Кантемир Витальевич, м.н.с. ВНИИПБиВП-филиал ФГБНУ «ФНЦ пищевых систем им. В.М. Горбатова» РАН, г. Москва РАЗРАБОТКА ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ДИСТИЛЛЯТОВ ИЗ ПЛОДОВ МАНДАРИНА Аннотация. Статья посвящена разработке технологии дистиллятов из плодов мандарина. Актуальность исследования продиктована большим интересом потребителей к высококачественным отечественным спиртным напиткам из фруктового (плодового) сырья. В ходе исследования был изучен механический и физико-химический состав исходного сырья, разработаны режимные параметры подготовки мандариновой мезги к дистилляции с использованием различных способов, определены оптимальные режимы фракционированной дистилляции подготовленного сырья, а также разработаны требования к органолептическим и физико-химическим показателям высококачественных мандариновых дистиллятов. Ключевые слова: мандарины, мезга, мацерация, брожение, дистилляция.

The paper gives an assessment of biochemical composition of various types of returnable baking waste, pregrouped into five groups depending on recipe and bakery products production method, in comparison with traditional types of starch-containing raw materials — wheat and rye. It has been established that returnable baking waste has significant advantages over grain raw materials in terms of starch content and structural and mechanical properties, which will eliminate grinding cost. An analysis of carbohydrate complex of returnable baking waste showed that waste groups that include rye flour contain more glucose than groups derived from wheat flour, which can positively affect the fermentation process. The study of protein complex revealed that mass fraction of soluble protein was determined by type of raw material used to produce products. It is shown that the best raw materials for distillates production, from standpoint of protein complex evaluating, are samples of returnable baking waste products obtained from rye-wheat bread. The mineral composition (K+, Na+, Ca++, Mg++) of ash of various waste types was studied and it was found that products from wheat flour contain less potassium, calcium and magnesium than from rye-wheat, and no significant differences were found in sodium content. Identified distinctive features in biochemical composition of certain groups of returnable baking waste products are recommended to be taken into account when developing optimal technological regimes for their processing in distillates production.

Grain bran is used mostly in animal farming and food industry. However, grain bran can also serve as an alternative source of nitrogenous substances in distillate technology. The present research objective was to study the complex of water-soluble nitrogenous compounds in grain bran and to identify the effect of the bran type and its granulometric characteristics on their composition and concentration. The research featured 30 industrial grain samples of wheat, rye, and triticale, as well as the corresponding bran samples. The total protein was determined by the Kjeldahl method, the size modulus – by sieving. In the bran aqueous phase, the protein content was measured using the Lowry method, the amine nitrogen content – by the copper method, and the free amino acid content – by the high-performance liquid chromatography. In bran, the content of total protein increased by 16–28%, the proportion of water-soluble forms of nitrogenous compounds increased by 6–29%, and the free amino acids increased by 1.4–2.3 times, if compared with the grain samples. The proportion of soluble proteins in the rye bran was 15–30% higher than in other types. The types of bran had a different content of individual amino acids. A high correlation was observed between the modulus of the bran size, the mass concentration of soluble proteins, and the free amino acids. The proportion of soluble proteins reached 44.1% as the size modulus decreased. The samples of rye bran demonstrated the maximal growth of this indicator. Bran, regardless of the type of raw material and particle size distribution, had a higher concentration of free amino acids in comparison with the original grain. The experiment revealed the following linear dependence: the proportion of free amino acids in bran increased by 46–54% as the size modulus decreased by 0.72–0.85. The article introduces linear dependence equations for each type of bran, as well as the percentage of free amino acids for the change in the size modulus per unit. Aqueous extracts of small-size rye grain bran proved to have good prospects for distillate technology. According to the evaluation of the nitrogen-containing complex of various grain bran types, small-size rye bran had more advantages in terms of soluble protein forms and free amino acids. Further research will feature the fermentation activity of yeast in distillate production to develop specific sensory properties.