The organ of vision is one of the target organs, which is negatively influenced by a number of harmful factors of the working environment and the labor process. Under their influence, the functioning of the visual analyzer can be disrupted, the risk of developing various diseases and injuries increases. The problem of the ophthalmopathology development in persons employed in hazardous industries is relevant, since the protection of the health of the working-age population is of great socio-economic importance. The proposed review of the literature presents the structure and frequency of occurrence of ophthalmopathology in workers of the cement industry, oil refining and petrochemical industries, metallurgical industry, coal and mining industries, manganese ore industry, synthetic rubber production, rubber technical products, synthetic ethyl alcohol, bakery, aviation production, also workers of the underground and railways of the main professions, including those who service underground tunnels. The data of the nosological structure of ophthalmopathology of various hazardous industries workers in Ukraine, India, and some African countries are presented. Among the professionally conditioned pathology of the vision organ, diseases of the anterior part of the eyeball are most common: chronic conjunctivitis, blepharitis, blepharoconjunctivitis, dry eye syndrome. In the general diseases’s structure of the vision organ, the first place is occupied by anomalies of refraction (from 14.3 to 88.9 %). The share of eye injuries ranges from 4 to 12.5 %. The frequency of occurrence of various ophthalmopathologies increases among workers with more than 10–15 years professional experience, which is typical for all industries and industries; there is also a direct connection between diseases of the organ of vision and the class of harmfulness of working conditions.

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AIM: To perform the analysis of the age composition of patients with a planned in-patient surgical procedure cataract phacoemulsification. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three cohorts of patients diagnosed with age-related senile cataract were analyzed for the periods 20002003 (n = 6737), 20072009 (n = 13,015), and 20152017 (n = 1363) on the basis of age at the time of planned surgery in the ophthalmology hospital S.V. Belyaev Kuzbass Clinical Hospital. Persons with a diagnosis of congenital, complicated, traumatic cataract and persons operated as out-patients were excluded from all samples. RESULTS: At the first stage, the average age of patients at the time of surgical treatment of patients diagnosed with senile cataract was calculated. At the second stage, the age of operated patients was analyzed by decades of human life. At the third stage, the assessment of the judgment about the rejuvenation of the age of operated patients with incipient cataract according to professional indications was carried out. CONCLUSIONS: The average age of patients operated on with senile cataract during a fifteen-year period is a stable value in the range of 6668 years. In the dynamics from 2000 to 2017, there was a redistribution of patients with senile cataract within the cohort by age. Rejuvenation of the age composition of persons with cataracts occurred due to an increase in patients aged 5160 years by 2 times and a decrease in patients aged 7180 years by 1.6 times. The proportion of patients undergoing surgical treatment for senile cataract in a hospital setting with visual acuity of 0.1 or less is stable and amounts to 78.487.5 %.

Purpose. To assess the severity of penetrating eye trauma in children in Tajikistan. Material and methods. Retrospectively there was analyzed 277 case histories of children with a diagnosis of penetrating eye injury, admitted to the children’s department of the National Medical Centre of the Republic of Tajikistan for the provision of specialized ophthalmological care. Results. The average age of children at the time of injury to the organ of sight was 7.06 ± 3.01 years, mainly these were villagers (70%). Children under 7 years old accounted for 57.8% of those admitted to the hospital. The terms of admission to the hospital ranged from 1 to 14 days, an average of 43.02 ± 33.35 hours. The severity is caused by damage to 2 or more structures of the eyeball in 81,3%. Wounds larger than 6 mm prevailed and amounted to 63,5%. Endophthalmitis at admission was noted in 8,3% of cases. Enucleation was performed in 2 children; 244 children underwent primary surgical treatment. Visual acuity at discharge was higher than 0.1 in 72 of 275 children (26.2%), lower than 0,1 in 194 (70.7%). Conclusion. Almost every second child (43.0%) is admitted to the hospital for primary surgical treatment of an eyeball wound after 24 hours. About 2/3 of cases of eye damage are characterized by large wound sizes. Stab wounds were noted in 90.2% of cases. In 58.8% of cases, damage to the cornea was observed and in 68.6% – damage to the lens area.

Purpose. To evaluate the effectiveness of early treatment in patients with partial optic nerve atrophy, nystagmus and albinism. Material and methods. A study of case histories and outpatient records of 265 patients with partial optic nerve atrophy was carried out. Among them, 219 children received a single course of treatment and 46 children received two or more courses of treatment at different periods of initiation of therapy. Results. After a single course of treatment, 54% of children had no dynamics of visual acuity. After regular complex treatment, visual acuity increased by 0.2 and higher in 58.3% of children at the beginning of treatment under 3 years of age. In cases of isolated lesions of the optic nerve and with a combination of partial atrophy of the optic nerve with nystagmus, an increase in visual acuity by 0.2 and higher was noted in 50% and 60%, respectively, at the start of treatment for children under 3 years of age. Conclusion. Treatment of partial atrophy of the optic nerve is effective in children with regular courses of therapy. An increase in visual acuity by 0.2 and higher was observed twice as often at the start of complex treatment up to 3 years. Key words: optic nerve atrophy, children, visual acuity