Журнал зарегистрирован в Федеральной службе по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор), свидетельство о регистрации ПИ №ФС77-65159 от 28 марта 2016 г. Учредитель: федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Кемеровский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации

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Imperfection of cytological diagnostics of cervical cancer has prompted the search for alternative methods of pathology detection. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of inflammatory proteins as molecular markers in the diagnosis of cervical oncopathology.Materials and Methods. A prospective controlled trial was conducted with three groups of women: group 1 (n=13) -with precancerous pathology (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade III); group 2 (n=49) -patients with cervical cancer; group 3, control (n=13)gynecologically healthy women (mean age -30.0±4.4 years).The material for the study was cervical epithelium, which was taken according to the standard technique using a cytobrush from the junction zone of cervical. The levels of inflammatory proteins (SAA, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and sCD27) in the cervical epithelium were determined by flow cytometry.Results. Molecular criteria for the presence of precancerous pathology and cervical cancer have been found to be a 3.10 [1.31; 3.28] fold increase in SAA values (U=41.0, p=0.02), 2.62 [2.79 3.50] fold (U=137.0, p=0.001) in 5.20 [3.84; 12.37] fold (U=138.5, p=0.001) in VCAM-1, and 4.32 [2.07; 5.02] fold (U=109.0, p<0.001) in sCD27 in cervical epithelium compared with the control group data. The COP (cervical oncoproblem) coefficient was developed to calculate the probability of cervical oncological pathology presence with the accuracy of 90%. An application for Android was created in Delphi development environment to simplify its calculation. Conclusion.The created technology makes it possible to establish the diagnosis in the shortest possible time and to optimize the treatment and diagnostic process by accelerating the examination period and improving its accuracy.

The stem cell mutations and modification of the tumor microenvironment are the main causes of cancer formation. The neutrophiles extracellular traps (NETs) are the components of the tumor microenvironment. NETs are web-like structures composed of nucleic acids, enzymes, cytoplasmic proteins, and bound pathogens. Currently the information on the pathogenetic role of NETs in the development of chronic noncommunicable diseases is contradictory. There is data of their carcinogenic effect. Aim. To determine the amount of NETs and the composition of the tumor microenvironment in the cervical smears in patients with precancerous diseases and cervical cancer. Material and Methods. The clinical group 1 - patients with precancer cervical diseases (n=10), the clinical group 2 – patients with cervical cancer III stage (n=14) were studied. The average age of patients was 38±8.26. The control group was formed of volunteers without cervical pathologies (n=10). Cervical smears were used as the material for the research. The study was compliant with the principles of WMA Declaration of Helsinki, 1964, rev. 2013 and was performed with consent of the Local Ethics Committee of Chita State Medical Academy. Cancer or dysplastic cells, normall cells, immune cells, NETs were counted in Feulgen stained cervical smears by the optical microscope. Results. There are reducing the proportion of healthy epithelial cells, increasing the pool of immune system cells and the appearance of the NETs in the cervical scraping during cervical cancerogenesis. NETs were visualized In 60% of cervical cancer patients. The statistically significant differences in the content of NF in cervical smears among the group of patients with precancerous diseases of the cervix and the control group did not determinated.Conclusion. Detection of the NETs in the cervical smears may be a new cytological sign of malignancy of the cervical epithelium. Detection of the NETs in the cervical tumor microenvironment smears may indicate their involvement in cervical carcinogenesis.

Введение. Несмотря на известный триггер и выявленные факторы риска, разработанные и эффективно действующие в мире программы скрининга рака шейки матки, многие аспекты цервикального канцерогенеза до сих пор ещё не изучены. В частности, в последнее время в литературе появляются данные о возможном участии короткоцепочечных жирных кислот в опухолевом процессе. Цель исследования: провести корреляционный анализ между уровнем TNF-α, его растворимого рецептора sTNF-RI, внутритканевым спектром короткоцепочечных жирных кислот, биологическими параметрами опухолевых клеток (апоптоз, некроз, пролиферация, клеточный цикл) при дис-и неопластической трансформации цервикального эпителия. Метод исследования: корреляционный анализ Спирмена. Исследуемые группы: IА-очаг предопухолевого поражения экзоцервикса; IБ-парадиспластические клетки; IIА-локус цервикального рака; IIБ-паранеопластические клетки. Результаты исследования. Корреляционные взаимоотношения между исследуемыми параметрами носили разнонаправленный характер, определялись состоянием клетки (здоровые, диспластические, малигнизированные) и варьировали в пределах одного исследования в зависимости от локализации по отношению к патологическому очагу. Заключение. Выявленные взаимосвязи имеют важное значение для расширения уже имеющихся сведений о цервикальном канцерогенезе с целью разработки новых критериев диагностики и лечения неоплазий шейки матки.