The article elucidates the directions of the guidance provided by experienced mentors to young lecturers at the Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology of the Poltava State Medical University as one of the forms of professional training, social support and training of future specialists in the medical field. Special attention is paid to the main conditions for the effectiveness of mentorship; it has been emphasized that mentoring itself is a two-way process, when the mentor transfers professional knowledge, personal experience, skills and abilities that will allow the young teachers to adapt quickly. It has been found that mentoring is a personnel technology of departments of medical universities that enables continuous professional development of young lecturers and instructors. The urgent need for mentoring appears especially acute today, as rapid changes in the system of higher medical education and their introduction in organizational processes and the educational environment require an immediate response from teaching staff. Mentoring at the department of Histology, cytology, and embryology combines the professional development and a comprehensive approach to each young scientific and pedagogical worker. Discussion on the implementation of the mentoring program at the department of Histology, cytology and embryology of the Poltava State Medical University is the most important condition in the professional development of young educators, in improving pedagogical skills; it is also significant in the professional orientation of medical students. Mentoring today is not a popular trend, but a conscious necessity, which has proven the invaluable social and pedagogical influence of highly qualified mentors on young educators who ensure consistency between theoretical and practical training of future healthcare professionals.

Introduction. Macrophages are cells of the innate immune system that play many roles in the body. Macrophages are known to be found in endocrine glands, and there is now much evidence that these cells interact closely with endocrine cells. Immune-endocrine interactions are important for the development of endocrine glands and their functioning during physiological states, and also become key players in pathophysiological states. Through gene expression profiling, diverse subpopulations of tissue macrophages have been identified in endocrine organs; this has important implications for disease pathogenesis and potential pharmacotherapy. The molecular basis of the relationship between macrophages and endocrine cells is being revealed, allowing the identification of numerous points for pharmacological intervention. Macrophages are the main immune cells of the testis, but their origin, heterogeneity, and development have not been sufficiently studied. Object and methods. The study was conducted on 20 adult male rats. Animals were randomly divided into 2 groups: control (10 animals) and intact (10 animals). Animals of the control group were injected with physiological solution in a dose of 0.3 ml. Preparation of material for electron microscopic examination of the structures of the interstitial space of the testis was carried out according to the generally accepted method. Results and discussion. We identified two populations of macrophages located in the interstitial space of the testes, considering their location and functional capacity. The results of our research showed that under the influence of central blocking of LH synthesis, the morphogenesis of antigen-presenting cells of the interstitial space of the testis, namely macrophages, occurs. These modifications indicate an inversion of their polarization, which, in turn, leads to a microscopic reorganization of cells, in particular their activation (M1) to perform certain functional activities in the organ. Conclusions. In the early stages of central blocking of LH synthesis, metabolic and functional disorders were detected in the parenchyma and stroma of the organ, which led to signs of ultrastructural and functional stress, which manifested itself in a quantitative shift of the macrophage population in the direction of an increase in peritubular macrophages.

Cryopreserved placenta preparations have a unique composition of biologically active substances, which determines their multifaceted effect. The aim of our study was to investigate the morphological features of the trigeminal node of rats when cryopreserved placenta was injected. The conducted experimental study showed that a single subcutaneous injection of cryopreserved placenta causes a reaction of the vessels of the microcirculatory bed of the trigeminal node of rats in the first two weeks of observation in the form of an expansion of the diameter of arterioles, capillaries and venules and an increase in blood filling, which indicates the stimulating effect of the components of the fetoplacental complex on the microcirculatory bed. The most pronounced phenomena were observed on the 7th day. After transplantation of the cryopreserved placenta, the neurocytes of the trigeminal node had a large, well-defined light nucleus, well-defined cytoplasm, with deep chromatophilic substance, there were dark, smaller cells with dispersed Nissl substance, satellite cells, and nerve fibers remained intact during all observation periods. The obtained data confirm the trophic effect of drugs of the fetoplacental complex. Our experimental study showed that a single subcutaneous injection of cryopreserved placenta causes a reaction of the vessels of the microcirculatory bed of the trigeminal node of rats in the first two weeks of observation in the form of an expansion of the diameter of arterioles, capillaries and venules and an increase in blood filling. The most pronounced phenomena were observed on the 7th day. The obtained data indicate the stimulating effect of the components of the fetoplacental complex on the microcirculatory channel. After transplantation of the cryopreserved placenta, neurocytes, satellite cells, and nerve fibers remained intact during all observation periods.