IL-18 has proinflammatory effects and participates in both innate and adaptive cellular and humoral immunity. A number of SNPs that influence IL-18 production are found in the gene promoter region. We investigated the association of SNPs in the IL-18 promoter at −607 and −137 with the level of IL-18 protein production by PBMC from healthy donors from Southwestern Siberia. The genetic distribution of these SNPs in the promoter site was established by PCR. IL-18 protein production was determined by ELISA. Our results showed that PBMC from donors carrying allele 137C have lower levels of both spontaneous and LPS-stimulated IL-18 production. In contrast, PBMC from donors carrying allele 607A showed significant increases in spontaneous and stimulated IL-18 production compared to wild type. Our study suggests that the SNPs −607 and −137 in the promoter region of the IL-18 gene influence the level of IL-18 protein production by PBMC from healthy donors in Southwestern Siberia.

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The drug efficacy problem related to the stability of medicinal preparations and to the specificity of their action is now among the most important in pharmacology and medicine. One way to solve this prob lem is to create structures with the ability to encapsulate a therapeutic agent in order to release it over a given time at a particular site. Cucurbiturils are an example of such "host molecules." Encapsulation will allow us to increase the solubility of compounds, control the release of an agent and its cell penetration mechanism, and alter the distribution of a medicine and its retention in the body; it can also improve its shelf life stability and decrease the level of its degradation in vivo. Nevertheless, although they are well known as good complex formers, cucurbiturils remain underexplored. This review includes a description of the mechanism for the formation of cucurbituril complexes with different compounds and gives examples of the already created complexes with a variety of medicinal agents; it also outlines the problems associated with the further appli cations of cucurbiturils as medicinal compound carriers, pointing to the need for further studies in vivo and in vitro.

We demonstrated opposite changes in the orientation and exploratory behavior of (CBAxC57Bl/6)F(1) mice in the open field test during the formation of primary humoral immune response. These changes depended on initial behavioral activity: the exploratory behavior was suppressed in animals with initially high activity, stimulated in animals with medium reaction, and remained unchanged in mice with initially low activity. The detected changes in the exploratory behavior during the formation of immune response were leveled in the total population (not divided by initial behavioral status).

Aim of studyThe present study aimed to evaluate anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties of BNO 1030 (Tonsilgon® N) and its direct effect on the indicators of the local immunity of oropharyngeal mucosa in patients with acute tonsillopharyngitis (TP) or exacerbation of chronic TP without evident systemic inflammatory syndrome.Materials and methodsA total of 60 adult patients with acute TP or exacerbation of chronic TP without severe systemic inflammatory syndrome were randomly divided into 2 groups: Group 1 L 30 patients took BNO 1030 (Tonsilgon® N), Group 2 L 30 patients took sage tablets according to the summary of product characteristics during 7 days. During 3 visits (day 1, day 3, day 7) symptoms and oropharyngeal mucosa condition were evaluated using a 10-point visual analogue scale (VAS). Local immunity parameters of oropharyngeal mucosa (cytokines: IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α, and lysozyme, lactoferrin, sIgA) were determined by ELISA and by real time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsReduction of the main symptoms was significantly faster under BNO 1030 therapy than under sage therapy. In BNO 1030 group reduction of clinical symptoms correlated with the onset of action and the local immunological parameters. During BNO 1030 treatment IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 mRNA levels decreased below the levels in healthy controls, while, the immune factors lysozyme, lactoferrin and sIgA increased. Therapy with sage tablets did not affect local immunity parameters.ConclusionBoth treatment regimens resulted in elimination of clinical signs and mucosal pharyngeal barrier regeneration. In contrast to the sage tablets, BNO 1030 can also affect local mucosal immunity via regulating the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory factors.Study highlightsThis study can answer the question regarding influence on main local immunity parameters of subjects with tonsillitisThe one of main task of this study is to evaluate what local immune parameters of oral cavity are most changeableTonsilgon N usage is not decrease main local immunity parameters such as IL-1β, IL-8, lysozyme and lactoferrinThis study evaluated the functional condition of mucosal immunity of oral cavity in subjects with tonsillopharingitis