Objective: Aggression is a common feature in psychiatric in-patient units in Africa. The attitudes of psychiatric nurses and their perceptions of the frequency of in-patient aggression have not been explored in the Nigerian context. Method: Using a crosssectional study design, two self-report questionnaires (the Attitudes toward Aggression Scale (ATAS) and the Perception of the Prevalence of Aggression Scale (POPAS)) were administered to nursing staff (n=73) at two psychiatric facilities in Benin City, Nigeria. Results: Overall, nurses viewed aggression as offensive, destructive and intrusive. They were less likely to view it as a means of communication or serving protective functions. Verbal aggression was the commonest type of aggression experienced while sexual intimidation and suicide attempts were least common. Male nurses were more likely to experience physical violence and aggressive 'splitting' behaviours, while nurses with over a decade of professional experience were more likely to experience verbal and humiliating aggressive behaviours. In contrast to previous studies, fewer nurses required days off work due to aggressive behaviour. Conclusion: Aggression is commonly experienced by nurses in in-patient units in Nigeria. Their views were predominantly negative. Training programmes are required to change staff attitudes as well as research on the cultural factors mediating these attitude dispositions.

This study suggests that adding psycho-education with elements of CBT to antidepressant treatment is feasible, acceptable and can produce further benefits to depressed adolescents in this region.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is effective in the treatment of some psychiatric disorders. Among other reasons, service users may refuse ECT when indicated due to myth and little or lack of knowledge about the procedure. The knowledge of and attitude towards ECT among nurses may reflect on patients and influence treatment choice. Previous studies, conducted in developed countries have explored knowledge and attitudes towards ECT among nurses, but none have been conducted in this part of the world. The following article compares the knowledge of and attitude towards ECT among student and staff mental health nurses at a psychiatric hospital in Nigeria. A cross sectional survey of 135 student nurses and staff mental health nurses showed that knowledge and attitude scores were more positive among staff mental health nurses compared with student mental health nurses. Additional years of experience correlated with better knowledge and positive attitudes among staff mental health nurses. Overall, the majority of the respondents felt that ECT was beneficial to patients, was overused and required guidelines for its practice in this country.