the prescription with 137 (40%) events; the major cause was lapse/distracting in 161 (47%) errors. The most frequent error type was medication omission 143 (41%). All errors were categorized without damage. A total 316 pharmaceutical interventions were performed, preventing 47 clinical complications, this results in annual avoided cost of 97,247.92 USD, the cost saving amount per avoided complications were 2,069.10 USD and a saving per patient of 1,144.09 USD. ConClusions: Early detection of medication errors by pharmacists intervention improves the safety of pharmacotherapy, ensures the effectiveness and prevents issues to the patient, furthermore, reduces costs by optimizing resources, providing just the necessary therapy and avoiding complications which could increase direct medical cost.

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High-risk prescribers are those in the top 5th percentile of opioid volume during four consecutive calendar quarters. We applied comparative interrupted time series models to evaluate policy effects on clinical practice patterns and prescribers' monthly prescribing measures. We included 38,465/18,566 prescribers who had prescribed at least one opioid in Florida/Georgia in the preintervention period. We also performed two secondary analyses that examined subsets of these prescribers. Results: We identified 1,526 (4.0%) high-risk prescribers in Florida, accounting for 67%/40% of total opioid volume/prescriptions. Relative to their lower-risk counterparts, they wrote about sixteen times the number of monthly opioid prescriptions (79 vs. 5, p< 0.01), and were more likely to have prescription-filling patients receive opioids (47% vs. 19%, p< 0.01). Following policy implementation, Florida's high-risk providers experienced large relative reductions in the number of opioid patients and opioid prescriptions (-536 patients/month, 95% confidence intervals [CI] -829 to -243; -847 prescriptions/month, CI -1498 to -197), morphine equivalent dose (-0.88 mg/month, CI -1.13 to -0.62), and total opioid volume (-3.88 kg/month, CI -5.14 to -2.62). Low-risk providers did not experience statistically significantly relative reductions, nor did policy implementation affect the rank order of high vs. low prescribers. cOnclusiOns: High-risk prescribers are disproportionately responsive to state policies. However, opioids-prescribing remains highly concentrated among high-risk providers following policy implementation.Objectives: The use of antidepressants has been increasing in the US and Canada since 2000. However, the laws and process for reviewing and approving new drugs vary among these two countries. These different regulations affect health care professionals and patients as well as manufacturers regarding a product's development, approval, and post-marking activities. The objective of this study was to provide a comparative analysis of antidepressant drugs approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Health Canada (HC). MethOds: The FDA and HC websites were used to obtain the data on antidepressant drugs' indications, contraindications, approval dates, market status, dosage forms, strengths, and route of administrations. Descriptive statistics and t-test were performed. Results: From of 1959 to 2015, a total of 35 antidepressant drugs were identified. 33 were approved by FDA, while 30 drugs were approved by HC. Among the 25 drugs marketed in both countries, the majority (16 drugs, 64%) were approved by FDA first and the rest were approved by HC first. The average number of approved indications for antidepressant drugs by the FDA (2.24+/-1.9) was not statistically different from HC (2.12±1.7). The FDA approved more indications in 4 drugs (16%), and HC did the same in another 4 drugs (16%), and each agency approved different indications in 2 (8%). HC's average number of contraindications (4.46±3) was significantly hi...

Background and ObjectivesThe goals of depression screening, which is universally recommended in primary care settings in the U.S., are to identify adolescents with depression and connect them to treatment. However, little is known about how depression screening affects the likelihood of being diagnosed with a mental disorder or accessing mental health care over time.MethodsThis longitudinal cohort study used insurance claims data from 57,732 adolescents who had at least one routine well-visit between 2014 and 2017. Using propensity score matching, we compared adolescents who were screened for depression to similar adolescents who were not screened for depression during the well-visit. Diagnostic and treatment-related outcomes were examined over 6-month follow-up and included depression diagnoses, mood-related diagnoses, antidepressant prescriptions, any mental health-related prescriptions, and psychotherapy. We also examined heterogeneity of associations by sex.ResultsCompared to adolescents who were not screened for depression, adolescents screened for depression were 30% more likely to be diagnosed with depression (RR=1.30, 95% CI=1.11-1.52) and 17% more likely to receive a mood-related diagnosis (RR=1.17, 95% CI=1.08-1.27), but were not more likely to be treated with an antidepressant prescription (RR=1.11, 95% CI=0.82-1.51), any mental health prescription (RR=1.15, 95% CI=0.87-1.53), or psychotherapy (RR=1.13, 95% CI=0.98-1.31). In general, associations were stronger among females.ConclusionsAdolescents who were screened for depression during a well-visit were more likely to receive a diagnosis of depression or a mood-related disorder in the six months following screening. Future research should explore methods for increasing access to treatment and treatment uptake following screening.Clinical Trial Registration (if any)N/ATable of Contents SummaryInsurance claims data were used to explore associations between depression screening during routine well-visits and depression diagnoses, psychiatric prescriptions, and psychotherapy among adolescents.What’s Known on This SubjectDepression screening is increasingly viewed as a key strategy for addressing depression among adolescents. To inform clinical guidelines, the United States Preventive Services Task Force has called for research to examine the diagnostic and treatment-related outcomes of depression screening.What This Study AddsIn a sample of 57,732 adolescents, adolescents who were screened for depression during a well-visit were more likely to receive a depression or mood-related diagnosis over 6-month follow-up, but were not more likely to be treated with medication or psychotherapy.