Aim: This article describes the development and design of the Youth Wellness Centre (YWC), an innovative, youth-friendly centre providing mental health and addiction services for emerging adults aged 17 to 25 in Hamilton, Canada. We also report on demographic and clinical characteristics of clients to evaluate how the YWC is serving populations at increased risk of developing mental disorders.Methods: Data were extracted from clinic databases for 1520 youth at the YWC between March 2015 and 2018 to report on demographic characteristics, clinical profiles, primary presenting problems, service use and overall satisfaction with services.Results: Marginalized groups, particularly street-involved individuals and LGBTQ+ youth, are highly represented at the YWC, keeping with the centre's mandate of reaching at-risk populations. Youth at the YWC carry significant mental health burdens, with 80.8% having a history of suicidal ideation and 32.8% having a history of a substance use disorder. The primary route of referral is self-referral and the number of new clients has increased by nearly 20% in the first 3 years of operations. Overall satisfaction with the centre is on par with or slightly above provincial averages. Conclusions:The YWC was developed to meet the mental health needs of transition-aged youth in Hamilton by providing early intervention, system navigation and transition services. The success of the YWC in reaching high-risk youth is demonstrated by the significant proportion of clients reporting demographic and clinical risk factors associated with increased risk for development of mental disorders. The increasing referrals to the YWC highlight the ongoing need for similar services.

Background Diagnostic intuition is a rapid, non-analytic, unconscious mode of reasoning. A small body of evidence points to the ubiquity of intuition, and its usefulness in generating diagnostic hypotheses and ascertaining severity of illness. Little is known about how experienced physicians understand this phenomenon, and how they work with it in clinical practice. Methods Descriptions of how experienced physicians perceive their use of diagnostic intuition in clinical practice were elicited through interviews conducted with 30 physicians in emergency, internal and family medicine. Each participant was asked to share stories of diagnostic intuition, including times when intuition was both correct and incorrect. Multiple coders conducted descriptive analysis to analyze the salient aspects of these stories. Results Physicians provided descriptions of what diagnostic intuition is, when it occurs and what type of activity it prompts. From stories of correct intuition, a typology of four different types of intuition was identified: Sick/Not Sick, Something Not Right, Frame-shifting and Abduction. Most physician accounts of diagnostic intuition linked this phenomenon to non-analytic reasoning and emphasized the importance of experience in developing a trustworthy sense of intuition that can be used to effectively engage analytic reasoning to evaluate clinical evidence. Conclusions The participants recounted myriad stories of diagnostic intuition that alerted them to unusual diagnoses, previous diagnostic error or deleterious trajectories. While this qualitative study can offer no conclusions about the representativeness of these stories, it suggests that physicians perceive clinical intuition as beneficial for correcting and advancing diagnoses of both common and rare conditions.

Does the belief that a face belongs to an individual with autism affect recognition of that face? To address this question, we used the inversion effect as a marker of face recognition. In Experiment 1, participants completed a recognition task involving upright and inverted faces labelled as either ‘regular’ or ‘autistic’. In reality, the faces presented in both conditions were identical. Results revealed a smaller inversion effect for faces labelled as autistic. Thus, simply labelling a face as ‘autistic’ disrupts recognition. Experiment 2 showed a larger inversion effect after the provision of humanizing versus dehumanizing information about faces labelled as ‘autistic’. We suggest changes in the inversion effect could be used as a measure to study stigma within the context of objectification and dehumanization.

Rationale, aims, and objectives: The complexity of healthcare systems makes errors unavoidable. To strengthen the dialogue around how physicians experience and share medical errors, the objective of this study was to understand how experienced generalist physicians make meaning of and grow from their medical errors. Methods: This study used a narrative inquiry approach to conduct and analyze in-depth interviews from 26 physicians from the generalist specialties of emergency, internal, and family medicine. We gathered stories via individual interview, analyzed them for key components, and rewrote a 'metastory' in a chronological sequence. We conceptualized the findings into a metaphor to draw similarities, learn from, and apply new principles from other fields of practice. Results: Through analysis we interpreted the story of an elite athlete (physician) who is required to make numerous decisions in a short period of time within the construct of a chaotic sports field (clinical environment) among spectators (the patient's family) whilst abiding by existing rules and regulations. Through sharing stories of success and failure, the team coach (clinical mentor) helps optimize the players' professional and psychological development. Similarly, through sharing and learning from stories, team members (colleagues) and junior team members (trainees) also contribute to the growth of the protagonist's character and the development of the overall team (clinic/hospital) and sport (healthcare system). Conclusion: We draw parallels between the clinical setting and a generalist physician's experiences of a medical error with the environment and practices within professional sports. Using this comparison, we discuss the potential for meaningful coaching in medical education.

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