The health-care system in Ghana is similar to those in other developing countries and access to health services for remote communities is extremely limited. In July, 2010, the Government of Ghana launched the national e health strategy. A number of international organizations have initiated various pilot projects, including disseminating and collecting data, education initiatives and telemedicine. In addition, several institutions and organizations are dedicated to the promotion of e-health and a range of Web-based health consultancy services have begun. The main objective of this study is to provide an overview of eHealth activities in Ghana. It was a daunting task, not least because of the need to gather information on eHealth projects and initiatives in Ghana, as there is no existing repository of such information. Through literature search in Africa journals online, Hinari, Medline, Google.com, Journal of Telemedicine and e-Health, Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, Journal of Medical Internet Research and Interaction with eHealth experts, followed up with some of the authors' for directions to other projects, and following the references in some articles. A total of twenty-two (22) pilot projects have been identified in Ghana. Mobile devices in use range from PDAs to simple phones and smart phones. The key findings of this research are that there are about 22 eHealth project at various stages of implementation in Ghana. Some of these projects have wind up and others are still being implemented. Mobile devices in use range from PDAs to simple mobile phones and smart phones. Most of the projects have been donor initiated. Data collection started in March 2010 to June 2013. Although eHealth seems to have a limited role in Ghana at present, there is growing interest in the opportunities it may offer in terms of improving the delivery and access to services, especially in remote locations. Recommendations for further research are provided.

This paper presents the pan African eNetwork for Telemedicine and Tele-education programme being run at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Ghana. The study sought to understand eHealth implementation in low resource settings through the lens of actor-network theory. This theory is based on the sociology of translations, and was employed as a framework for exploring the pan African Telemedicine programme. Data collection was done between October, 2011 and June 2012, through triangulation of qualitative methods: interviews, participant observation, and document analysis. A total of 30 human and non-human actors' were identified and semi-structured face-to-face interviews conducted with the human actors. Translation, the mechanism of progressive temporal social orders, or the transformation from one order to another through changes in the alignment of interest in a heterogeneous network (Sarker, Sarker and Sidorova, 2006), has not been effective and thus implementation of the eNetwork has not been successful. Future studies should focus on staff acceptance of the eNetwork.

This is the 15th in a series of articles exploring international trends in health science librarianship in the 21st century. It is the third of four articles pertaining to different regions in the African continent. The present issue focuses on countries in West Africa (Ghana, Nigeria and Senegal). The next feature column will investigate trends in North Africa. JM.

This paper presents the Portable Digital Assistant Implementation in the Sene District of Ghana. The study sought to understand eHealth implementation in low resource settings through the lens of actor-network theory. Part of this theory is made up of the sociology of translations, which was employed as a crucial framework for exploring the Portable Digital Assistant Setup. Data was collected between January 2011-June 2014. Data collection has been through triangulation of qualitative methods: interviews, participant observation, and document analysis. A total of 20 human and nonhuman actors' were identified and semi-structured interviews conducted with the human actors using Face to Face (10), Telephone (2). It was deduced from the case that the champion in the case was able to mobilise the various actors to ensure that the project succeeds. His ability to manage the various resources ensured that there were not any lapses. 2. The Actor Network Theory (ANT) Callon [2] stated that "the actor-network theory describes the dynamics of society in terms totally different from those usually used by sociologists." A socio-philosophical approach of the actornetwork theory "…rejects any sundering of human and nonhuman, social and technical elements." [5]. The actor-network theory accepts the differences between human and nonhuman actors, but denies treating them separately. It supposes that everything

This paper presents the Portable DigitalAssistant Implementation in the Sene District of Ghana. The study sought to understand eHealth implementation in low resource settings through the lens of actor-network theory. Part of this theory is made up of the sociology of translations, which was employed as a crucial framework for exploring the Portable Digital Assistant Set-up. Data was collected between January 2011 -June 2014. Data collection has been through triangulation of qualitative methods: interviews, participant observation, and document analysis. A total of 20 human and nonhuman actors' were identified and semi-structured interviews conducted with the human actors using Face to Face (10), Telephone (2). It was deduced from the case that the champion in the case was able to mobilise the various actors to ensure that the project succeeds. His ability to manage the various resources ensured that there were not any lapses.