The estimation of loads of pollutants is of crucial interest to identify the level of water quality, understand the processes and identify the sources of pollution. The aim of this study was to calculate time trends of loads and concentrations of eleven physical, chemical and biological parameters, in nine quality monitoring stations of the Verde River Basin from 2008 to 2014. The time series analysis was performed with different tests. First, with the verification of autocorrelation of the time series using the Spearman correlation test. Then, Kruskal-Wallis test was used to check significant differences between the seasons and, afterwards the Mann-Kendall or the Seasonal Mann-Kendall time trend tests were applied accordingly. The analysis results indicated differences between the spatial distribution of loads and concentrations for most of the parameters evaluated in this study. The results showed that the simultaneous analysis of concentration data and flow data is essential for a more comprehensive and reliable evaluation of water quality, since the changes in river flow over time can mislead the interpretation of the concentration data. Moreover, to analyze only the pollutant load data, without looking how the flow and concentration behaves, does not provide conclusive results, since it does not allow to evaluate whether changes in the load values were caused by alterations of the flow or concentration. Thus, the results indicate the need to monitor water quality along with flow measurement, providing more complete and reliable assessments of the evolution of water quality.Keywords: Trend analysis; Water quality; Pollutants concentration and load. RESUMOA estimativa das cargas poluentes é de interesse crucial para identificar o nível de qualidade da água, entender os processos e identificar as fontes de poluição. O objetivo deste estudo foi calcular as tendências temporais das cargas e concentrações de onze parâmetros físicos, químicos e biológicos, em nove estações de monitoramento de qualidade da água da bacia hidrográfica do rio Verde, no período de 2008 a 2014. A análise das séries temporais foi realizada a partir da verificação da autocorrelação da série temporal utilizando-se o teste de correlação de Spearman, teste de Kruskal-Wallis para verificação de diferenças significativas entre as estações do ano e os testes de Mann-Kendall e Sazonal Mann-Kendall para análises de tendência temporal. As análises indicaram diferenças entre a distribuição espacial da carga e da concentração para a maioria dos parâmetros avaliados neste estudo. Os resultados demostraram que a análise conjunta de dados de concentração e vazão é essencial para uma avaliação mais abrangente e fidedigna da qualidade da água, pois alterações no fluxo do rio ao longo do tempo podem dificultar a interpretação dos dados de concentrações. Verificou-se ainda que a análise de dados de carga dos poluentes, sem o estudo do comportamento da vazão e da concentração não fornece resultados conclusivos, visto que não permite avaliar a influê...
O aumento de desastres naturais causados por eventos extremos de precipitação marcaram historicamente a bacia do rio Capibaribe. Grandes cheias e secas severas repercutiram diretamente no planejamento e gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos. Neste trabalho, as tendências nas precipitações foram avaliadas segundo espacialização dos seus valores positivos e negativos. Tais valores foram obtidos a partir de regressões lineares efetuadas nas séries temporais dos índices pluviométricos, recomendados pelo Expert Team on Climate Change Detect on Monitoring and Indices – ETCCDMI. Os índices foram calculados com o auxilio do software RClimdex e validados segundo seus erros padrão e significâncias estatísticas. Como resultado, as tendências obtidas evidenciaram, para um cenário atual e futuro, aumento significativo das estiagens, acompanhado de redução na precipitação total anual, nos dias chuvosos consecutivos e nas chuvas intensas, na maior parte da bacia, principalmente no Médio Capibaribe. ABSTRACT The increase of natural disasters caused by extreme precipitation events marked historically river basin Capibaribe. Major floods and severe droughts have affected directly in the planning and management of water resources. In this paper, the trends in precipitation were evaluated according to their spatial distribution of positive and negative values. These values were obtained from linear regressions performed on the time series of rainfall, recommended by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detect on Monitoring and Indices - ETCCDMI. The indices were calculated with the help of software RClimdex and validated according to their standard errors and statistical significance. As a result, the trends obtained showed for current and future scenario, significant increase in the droughts, accompanied by reduction in the total annual precipitation, rainy days in a row and the heavy rains in the most of the basin, especially in the Middle Capibaribe. Keyword - Climate change, Climate extremes, Climate indices, RClimdex
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