Background: The inclusion of 'seldom heard' groups in health and social care research is increasingly seen as important on scientific, policy and ethical grounds. British South Asians, the largest minority ethnic group in the United Kingdom (UK), are under-represented in health research yet over-represented in the incidence of certain conditions such as type 2 diabetes. With the growing requirement of patient involvement in research and the inclusion of diverse populations, methodological guidance on how to include, engage and conduct research with UK South Asian populations is essential if services and interventions are to be relevant and impactful. However, such guidance for researchers is limited. Methods: The aim of the paper is to reflect on our experiences of conducting focus groups with UK South Asian communities with type 2 diabetes, which involved experienced community partners and researchers working closely together. We discuss the factors that aided the successful delivery of the project, the challenges that we encountered, how we dealt with these, and recommendations. Results: Our study suggests ways to involve and conduct focus groups with UK South Asian populations. Key considerations are categorised under four headings: co-working with community partners; linguistic competency; cultural competency and awareness; and reflexivity, power and acknowledgement. Having an experienced team of researchers and community expertswith the relevant linguistic and cultural competencies and different kinds of knowledge and skillswas key to the successful delivery of the study. Working collaboratively enabled us to recruit a diverse sample, to navigate the challenges of recruitment, to be present at every discussion which helped contribute to data richness, and to reflect on our own roles in the research process.

Background: Lower Back Pain (LBP) is a common complaint among nurses in different clinical sittings. There is a large amount of evidence suggesting an association between LBP and various factors. This complaint has serious implications for professional and occupational carriers as well as whole health care systems as nurses form the mainstay of manpower in health care. Methods: this systematic review is based on a comprehensive search conducted in PubMed, CINHAL, PsycINFO. The two reviewers independently accomplished the full text review for the selected literatures. Results: A total of 11 studies were to the standards of the inclusion criteria. Different methods of studies were applied to measure and evaluate lower back pain among nurses and factors associated with lower back pain. Discussion: Initially, all results/studies were analyzed systemically in grids, and then the results of each study were discussed and interpreted according to the variables, method, and study design.