Ability of shoot regeneration from cotyledon explants of rapeseed (Brassica napus) winter genotypes and the effect of silver nitrate and naphthalene acetic acid in shoot regeneration were investigated. The optimum medium for regeneration was the medium supplemented with 3 mg L(-1) 6-Benzylaminopurine and 0.15 mg L(-1) 1-naphthaleneacetic acid. The addition of 5 mg L(-1) silver nitrate significantly improved shoot regeneration. Shoot regeneration response was strongly different between genotypes with a range of variation from 79% in spring genotype PF and 7% in Okpi. The highest root production was recorded on medium containing indol-3-butyric acid. The rooted plants successfully transferred to soil and adapted to greenhouse conditions. No abnormally was observed and the regenerated plants were morphologically similar to the field grown parental plants.

This study was conducted to access the effects of seven Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains i.e. A4, T4, MSU, TCC15834, 2656, Gm1 and R1000, on the hairy root generation from various explants i.e. hypocotyl, cotyledon, root, stem and leaf of Fennel ecotypes (Bonab, Izmir, Esfahan and Moghan). Results of study revealed that induction of hairy root varies with the A. rhizogenes strains and used explants. Among the various tested combinations, highest root induction was recorded form hypocotyl explants using A4 and TCC 15834 (70 and 67%, respectively) strains of A. rhizogenes. Response of explant toward hairy root induction and number of the hairy roots per explant was different and decreased from hypocotyl, leaf and cotyledonary explants, respectively. Among the various tested A. rhizogenes strain, TCC 15834 capable to induced hairy Roots development in all ecotypes but most effectively in Izmir (36.66 ± 0.57) and it was followed by Bonab (32 ± 0.44), Esfahan (30 ± 0.99) and Moghan (16.66 ± 0.79). All transformed hairy root were successfully confirmed by PCR using rolB primers. Further hairy root induction could be proved as an alternative approach for the production of secondary metabolites and its increasing use as model system in metabolic engineering. KEYWORDS Fennel Agrobacterium rhizogenesHairy root culture Hairy root induction Explant type

Plant growth-promoting bacteria enhance plant performance under stressful conditions using various mechanisms. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of Pseudomonas florescence FY32 on growth characteristics and to identify proteins involved in plant-bacterium interaction under salt stress. The results indicated that under salt stress (150 and 300 mM NaCl), plants inoculated with bacteria compared to non-inoculated plants possess better growth characteristics. Study of proteome pattern changes in leaf indicated that of 170 reproducible spots, 20 spots had differentially expression changes. Differentially expressed proteins were categorized into six functional groups, including energy metabolism (25%), antioxidants (20%), gene expression regulation (20%), photosynthesis (15%) and membrane proteins (1%). All of these proteins underwent same changes either in uninoculated or inoculated plants under salt stress, except Photosystem II CP47 (spot no. 1), Photosystem II CP43 (spot no. 2), and NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase (spot no. 6) which had more expression level in inoculated plants than those non-inoculated plants. In general, results indicated that inoculation of Sarigol with the bacterium could improve its growth under salt stress.