Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the COVID-19 pandemic and psychological fatigue as a mental health issue among the population of Istanbul, Turkey. Participants and methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Istanbul, Turkey, between March and June 2020, where a total of 4,700 persons were approached and 3,672 (78%) of participants (64.4% males and 35.6% females) completed the Knowledge Attitude Practices (KAP) and Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS) questionnaires. Results: In this study, 64.1% of participants were categorized as psychologically fatigued and 35.9% as normal. There was a significant difference between fatigued and normal participants with respect to age, educational level, occupational status, place of residence and number of family members ( p < .001). Other differences related to knowledge of COVID-19 were symptoms, treatment, ways of spreading ( p < .001), prevention by avoiding crowded places ( p = .008) and isolation ( p = .002). For attitudinal items, normal participants generally showed more positive attitudes than the fatigued in believing that COVID-19 will finally be controlled, satisfaction with preventive measures taken by the authorities, reporting suspected cases with symptoms and trusting that Turkey can overcome the COVID-19 pandemic ( p < .001). Multivariate stepwise regression analysis indicated that level of education, avoiding going to crowded places, eye, nose and mouth organs are sensitive organs to the virus, keeping physical distance due to epidemic affect by COVID-19 virus, isolation and treatment of people reduce the spread of COVID-19 virus and 14-days period of time, COVID-19 is mainly transmitted through contact with the respiratory droplets of an infected person, occupational status, health education programme needed and antibody treatment variables were significantly associated with fatigue after adjusting for age, gender and income variables. Conclusion: The current study provides valuable information for policymakers and mental health professionals worldwide regarding associations between the mental health of individuals and the ongoing outbreak, COVİD-19.

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The aim of our study was to study the effect of prebiotic components on the quality indicators of enriched yogurt. Yogurt was produced by fermenting pasteurized normalized milk with yoghurt sourdough, which included lyophilically dried strains of Streptococcus thrmophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp.bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Bactidiochemia sulphonidae with the addition of lactobacillus cultivar and yeast lactobacillus complex ), in addition, in order to enrich the product with vitamins, minerals and polyphenolic compounds, mashed potatoes from blueberries and dogwood were used. In the course of the study, we evaluated organoleptic, physicochemical and microbiological indicators, carried out a comparative analysis of the content of vitamins and trace elements in a traditional and enriched product. It was established that enrichment of yogurt with a prebiotic complex and fruit and berry puree contributed to the improvement of quality indicators, due to an increase in nutritional value, an increase in the content of vitamins (C, B1, B2, E and PP) and microelements (Ca, K, Mg, P, Fe). The prebiotic properties and immunogenic effects of wheat bran and yeast cell wall components, as well as the polyphenolic compounds of blueberries and cornel berries, make it possible to use yogurt as an adaptogenic product with probiotic, prebiotic neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antioxidant, immunomodulating and anti-inflammatory properties.

In Education sectors many researchers have focused student's life style and effects on mental health. Currently there are many factors which are contributing to develop depressive symptoms among University Students. Study was conduct to investigate the relationship between skipping breakfast and lack of physical exercise are contributing risk factor of depression among University students. To conduct this survey research, sample (N=350) students participated from different faculties, of Sultan Idris Education University (UPSI), Malaysia. Students (178% male, 172% female), age (19-27 years) were selected by using convenience sampling. This survey was conduct by administering the structured questionnaire of Breakfast information and Habitual physical exercise questionnaire, level of depression was measured by Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, et al., 1996). Results revealed that there was strongly negative correlation between the scores of having breakfast, Habitual physical activity and depression. Multiple regression shows that skipping breakfast and lack of physical activities were significant, F(2,347=87.99, p<.000), R 2 33%, which revealed skipping breakfast and physical activity are significant at (p<.000). Result indicate that skipping breakfast and lack of physical activity can predict depression. Student's life style behavior of skipping meal and lack of physical are significant for mental and emotional health. Present research predict that skipping breakfast, lack of physical exercise are risk factors toward depression among students. This study is important to learn about the contributing factors of mental health, we can encourage students to take healthy and timely meal and participate regularly in exercise to increase mental health.