Background: Many modifiable risk factors have been linked to the etiology of the increased renal disease worldwide. The objective of this study was to assess the consequences of arbitrary herbal and analgesics on renal function in a series of Saudi patients. Methodology: This study investigated 2944 Saudi volunteers who have joined during a cross-sectional survey conducted in Hai'l region. Renal function status was established corresponding to Glomerular infiltrating Rate (GFR) estimation using creatinine level, age, and sex. GFR was categorized into: Stage III CKD (GFR = <60 -30 mL/min). Stage IV (GFR = <30 -15 mL/min). Stage V (GFR = <15 mL/min). Results: Around 14.4% of participants claimed using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Of the 391 analgesics users, about 12.8% were found with impaired renal function. The risk of analgesics uses in deteriorating renal function, the relative risk (RR) and the 95% confidence interval (95%CI), RR (95%CI) = 1.7926 (1.3313 to 2.4137), P = 0.0001. Out of the 426/2714(15.7%) herbal users, 45/426(10.6%) were found with impaired renal function. The risk of herbal uses in deteriorating renal function, the RR (95%CI) = 1.3659 (1.0366 to 1.7999), P = 0.0268. Conclusion: Significant Reverse associations between arbitrary herbal use as well as, frequent NSAIDs renal function. The frequent use of Arbitrary herbal and NSAIDs is common among the Saudi Community, particularly among women.

Background: The growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has been accelerated in recent decades as a result of antibiotic abuse and misuse. The goal of the current study was to evaluate the misuse of pediatric antibiotics in Northern Saudi Arabia concerning upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) and diarrhea. Methodology: Between May and August 2022, 400 residents of Hail, Northern Saudi Arabia, participated in this community-based descriptive survey. Independent of their age, social position, educational attainment, or monthly income, the participants were picked at random. Results: Approximately 56.7% of fathers and 63% of mothers had engaged in antibiotic abuse. Most frequently, age between 35 and 45 years was implicated in antibiotic overuse 41.6%, followed by age between 25 and 35 years 36%. University graduates made up the majority of antibiotic misusers 63.7%, whereas those with secondary and primary educations made up 28.7% and 7.6%, respectively. Conclusion: In Northern Saudi Arabia, overuse of antibiotics is common, particularly among fathers' parents. Community-based educational initiatives on antibiotic abuse are necessary for addition to wristband laws to minimize antibiotic overuse in Northern Saudi Arabia.

Background: The side effects of hormonal contraceptives (HCs) vary greatly between women, and different HCs cause distinct side effects. This study aimed to assess the rife of self-confessed disorders associated with hormonal contraceptives. Methodology: The study enrolled 200 ladies of reproductive age. One hundred women were HCs users (ascertained as cases) and 100 women non-contraceptives users (ascertained as a control group). Results: Irregular menstrual cycles were observed in 29% of the cases and 28% of the controls. In 21% of cases, the duration of menstruation recycling was unpredictable, compared to 26% in controls. Hormonal abnormalities were more common among controls than among cases. The hormonal associated problems in controls were: OR (95%CI) = 2.5550(1.1753 to 5.5545), P-value = 0.0179. The risk of recurrent infection among control group was OR (95%CI) = 1.5952 (0.8984 to 2.8326), P = 0.1109. Conclusion: The current study revealed no statistically significant differences in hormonal contraceptive-related illnesses between HCs users and non-users.