The share of apartment complexes in housing stock of major cities in the developing world has been increasing. They represent a different housing submarket whose growing importance necessitates further research. Using survey data on transaction records of real estate agents, we employ a hedonic pricing model to explore the factors influencing apartment prices in the Metropolitan Izmit area. The site of a major reconstruction effort following a strong earthquake, Izmit has been in the forefront of the changes taking place in the Turkish real estate sector in particular, and in urban housing in general. We aim to get better estimates by focusing the study on apartment complexes in Metropolitan Izmit, the major submarket in the area. The results reveal that structural characteristics of an apartment as well as amenities provided in an apartment complex are important determinants of price. Air quality and proximity to a good public school have a major effect on price as well. The findings suggest that the submarket could be segmented further geographically.

Since the early 2000s, there has been a long-term price increase trend in the Istanbul housing market, and this situation also has led to price bubble speculations. Since the housing sector was caught with a high level of unsold housing stock to the economic slowdown emerging in the second half of 2018, housing price bubble speculations have increased even more, especially for the Istanbul market. In this period, housing loan interest reduction campaigns were implemented by the government through state banks to stimulate the housing demand, and a probable collapse in the housing market was prevented. On the other hand, house prices continued to rise during this period due to the stimulated demand. In this paper, we perform a price bubble research on the selected districts in the Istanbul housing market over the 2007–2019 period using LSTM autoencoder model. The first analysis on monthly data is performed by using housing price index, housing rent index, consumer prices index, stock market index, return on government debt securities, USD/TRY exchange rates, BIST price index, monthly deposit interest rates, mortgage interest rates and consumer confidence index, and the second analysis on quarterly data is carried out by adding building construction cost index and GDP data to the previous dataset. In the first analysis, the bubble formations differ regionally and periodically and disappeared toward the end of 2019 in some districts, while in the second analysis, the housing bubble formations have a more common and continuous appearance. Experimental results show that LSTM autoencoder model can be used to detect housing bubbles effectively.

In today's business conditions, where business activities are spreading over a wide geographical area, fraud auditing processes have crucial importance especially for the retailing sector which has a high branch network. In the retailing sector, especially purchasing processes are subject to high fraud risks. This paper shows that it is possible to detect fraudulent processes by applying data mining techniques on operational data related to purchasing activities. Within this scope, in order to detect the fraudulent purchasing operations, support vector machine (SVM) models with different kernels and artificial neural networks methods have been used and successful results have been achieved. The results of the two methods have been examined comparatively and it shows that optimized SVM classifier outperforms others. Besides, in this study, it is presumed that the detected fraud data can be proactively used in the struggle against fraud with fraud-governance risk and compliance software by converting it into scenario analysis.

Çalışma kapsamında Kocaeli Sanayiinin gelişimi, Osmanlı' daki sanayileşme çabaları ve bu süreçte imparatorluğun geleneksel iktisadi sisteminde yaşanan dönüşüm serüveni eşliğinde incelenmektedir. 19. yüzyıldaki sanayileşme çabaları çerçevesinde, yüzyıllardır genel hatlarıyla korunarak süregelen Osmanlı iktisadi sisteminin bazı temel nitelikleri,-onyıllara yayılan bir çabayla-bu uğurda dönüştürülerek sınaî kalkınmanın koşullarına daha uygun hale getirilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen sınaî yatırımlarda ilk aşamada yaşanan başarısızlıklara rağmen ısrarlı bir şekilde sürdürülen çabalar neticesinde, 19. yüzyılın sonlarına yaklaşılırken Osmanlı ekonomisi artık yeni koşullara intibak edebilmiş durumdadır. Öyle ki, bu süreçte gerçekleştirilen sınaî yatırımların bir kısmı uluslararası standartlarda üretim yapabilecek ölçüde başarı sağlamıştır. Ancak İttihat ve Terakki dönemindeki iktisadi ve siyasi politikalar, nihayet Avrupa sanayii ile intibak aşamasına gelmiş olan yüz yıllık sanayileşme kazanımlarını adeta yıkıma uğratmıştır. 19. yüzyıl boyunca devam eden sanayileşme ve fabrikalaşma sürecinin en önemli halkalarından birini de bugünkü Kocaeli şehri teşkil etmiştir. Bu süreçte İzmit Sancağı'nda tesis edilen ve Osmanlı sanayiinin en önemli alt kolu olan dokuma sanayii açısından İzmit Sancağı'nı bir sanayi merkezine dönüştüren fabrikaların, erken Cumhuriyet dönemindeki ilk büyük sanayi yatırımları için şehrin bir kuruluş yeri namzedi olarak değerlendirilmesinde de etkili olduğu düşünülmektedir.