Bu çalışmada, silis dumanı ve uçucu kül kullanımının hava sürükleyici katkılı tekli, ikili ve üçlü çimentolu sistemleri içeren harç karışımlarının taze ve bazı sertleşmiş hal özelliklerine etkisi karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda tek tip CEM I 42.5R tipi çimento, tek tip polikarboksilat esaslı su azaltıcı katkı, tek tip hava sürükleyici katkı, silis dumanı ve uçucu kül kullanarak farklı kombinasyonlara sahip harç karışımları hazırlanmıştır. Mineral katkı içermeyen kontrol karışımına ilaveten, üç seri daha harç karışımı hazırlanmıştır. Birinci ve ikinci seride uçucu kül ve silis dumanı sırasıyla, %30 ve %10 oranında çimento ile yer değiştirmiştir. Üçüncü seride ise, çimento ağırlığının %30 ve %10'u oranında, hem uçucu kül hem de silis dumanı kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada tüm harç karışımlarında su/çimento oranı, kum/bağlayıcı oranı ve yayılma değerleri sırasıyla, 0.485, 2.75, 270±20 mm olarak sabit tutulmuştur. Harç karışımlarının zamana bağlı yayılma değerleri, 90 günlük su emme değerleri, 3, 7, 28 ve 90 günlük basınç dayanımları ve 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 donma-çözülme çevrimi sonrası basınç dayanım değerleri elde edilmiştir. Deney sonuçlarına göre, hava sürükleyici katkılı çimento harçlarında mineral katkı kullanımı karışımların taze hal özelliklerini olumlu yönde etkilemiştir. Mineral katkı içeren karışımlar erken yaşlarda kontrol karışımına kıyasla daha düşük dayanım gösterirken, 90 günün sonunda kontrol karışımından daha yüksek basınç dayanım değerlerine sahip olmuşlardır. Mineral katkı kullanımı ile harç karışımlarının 90 günlük su emme değerleri, kontrol karışımına kıyasla daha düşük olmuştur. Donma-çözülme çevrimleri bakımından en başarılı karışımın hem uçucu kül hem de silis dumanı içeren, üçlü bağlayıcı sisteme sahip olan K-UK-SD-HSK karışımı olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
This paper examines the primary determinants of the contemporary economic growth performance in MENA and African countries using a panel data estimation and random effects model during the period 1996-2014 for 24 countries. It is hypothesized that the variation in natural resources rents, initial human capital stock, and initial inequality in land ownership have significant impacts on contemporary economic growth rates in different countries. Furthermore, various political economy factors are controlled for in order to measure the effect of institutional quality. The estimation results show that the natural resources rents, initial inequality in land ownership, initial income, and government effectiveness influence GDP per capita growth rates with a statistical significance.
This paper provides a critical examination of effect of French Revolution institutions on regional economic development variations in 19 th century by focusing on the experience of France. The argument in Daron Acemoglu et al. (2011) that differences in long-run economic performance of German states stem from differences in externally imposed French and domestic German institutions needs to be investigated further. A difference-indifference estimation is used to identify a treatment effect causing growth differences between border and interior departments. The proposed treatment effect is the faster industrialization due to intensified minerals mining and railway construction in northern and northeastern France after 1850. It is shown that border departments experienced higher economic growth primarily after 1850 even though Revolution institutions and reforms were imposed in all of French departments. Therefore, externally imposed French Revolution institutions and reforms shouldn't be counted as primary factors of causing variation in economic development across German polities.
This dissertation analyzes the effects of political and economic institutions on economic development and growth.The first essay develops an overlapping-generations political economy model to analyze the incentives of various social groups to finance human capital accumulation through public education expenditures. The contribution of this study to the literature is that it helps explain the observed differences in the economic growth performance of natural resource-abundant countries. The results suggest that the preferred tax rates of the manufacturers on one hand and the political coalition of manufacturers and landowners, on the other hand, are equal to the socially optimal tax rate. However, we show that owners of natural resources prefer an excessively high tax rate, which suppresses aggregate output to a suboptimal level. The third essay develops a counter argument to Acemoglu et al. (2010) where the thesis is that French institutions and economic reforms fostered economic progress in those German regions invaded by the Napoleonic armies. By providing historical data on urbanization rates used as proxies for economic growth, I demonstrate that similar different rates of economic growth were observed in the regions of France in the postNapoleonic period as well. The existence of different economic growth rates makes it hard to argue that the differences in economic performance in the German regions that were invaded by the French and those that were spared a similar fate follow from regional differences in economic institutions.vi
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