Background: Alzheimer's disease is a neuropathological disease with symptoms such as language problems, confusion as to place or time, loss of interest in activities, which previously enjoy, behavioral changes, and memory loss appear. Alzheimer's disease and other dementia types affect almost 46.8 million people globally and are estimated to strike about 131.5 million people in 2050. Objective: It has been reported that Alzheimer's is the sixth main cause of mortality. The most used drugs, which are currently approved by the Food, and Drug Administration for Alzheimer’s disease are donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, memantine, the combination of donepezil and memantine. However, as most of the drugs present various adverse effects. Recently, the transdermal drug delivery route has gained increasing attention as an emerging tool for Alzheimer's disease management. Besides, transdermal drug delivery systems seem to provide hope for various disease management, due to the advantages that offer in comparison with oral dosage forms. Method: Herein, the current advancements in transdermal studies with potent features to achieve better Alzheimer's disease management are presented. Results: Many researchers have shown that the transdermal systems provide higher since the first-pass hepatic metabolism effect can be avoided and a prolonged drug release rate can be achieved. Conclusion: In summary, the transdermal administration of Alzheimer's drugs is an interesting and promising topic, which should be further elaborated.

Background: Buccal drug delivery is a fascinating research field. Gel-based formulations present potent characteristics as buccal systems since they have great physicochemical properties. Methods: Among the various gels, in situ gels that are viscous colloidal systems consisted of polymers when physiological conditions change (pH, temperature, ion activation) shift to the gel phase. These systems can improve bioavailability. Other systems such as nanogels or emulgels can be also applied for buccal delivery with promising results. Polymeric gel-based systems can be produced by natural, semisynthetic, and synthetic polymers. Their main advantage is that the active molecules can be released in a sustained and controllable manner. Several gels based on chitosan are produced for the entrapment of drugs demonstrating efficient retention time and bioavailability, due to chitosan mucoadhesion. Besides polysaccharides, poloxamers and Carbopol are also used in buccal gels due to their high swelling ability and reversed thermal gelation behavior. Results: Herein, the authors focused on the current development of mucoadhesive gel systems used in buccal drug delivery. After explaining buccal drug delivery and mucoadhesion, various studies with hydrogels, in situ gels, and nanogels were analyzed as buccal gel systems. Various mucoadhesive gel studies with mucoadhesive polymers have been studied and summarized. This review is presented as valuable guidance to scientists in formulating buccal mucoadhesive drug delivery systems. Conclusions: This review aimed to assist researchers working on buccal drug delivery by summarizing buccal drug delivery, mucoadhesion, and buccal mucoadhesive gel systems recently found in the literature.

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Background & Objective: Diabetes is a global health problem associated with millions of deaths; the most common of diabetes complications is that wounds of diabetic patients tend to heal more slowly or non-healed at all, leading to undesirable facts. Diabetic wounds if become chronic and infected could provoke lower extremities amputation, sepsis even death. Hence, early detection, careful examination, debridement, cleaning, and prevention or controlling the infection of diabetic wounds are important factors for the successful outcome of the case. During the years, various promising wound dressings incorporating antimicrobial molecules, growth factors, and wound healing agents have been developed, targeting diabetic wounds. Nonetheless, the choice of dressing is mainly based on the experience of each clinician. Summary: This review summarizes the main points of diabetes complications, diabetic wounds, and infections. In further, an overview of the current drug delivery systems for topical wound delivery of various active ingredients has been performed. This update could be helpful for scientists and especially clinicians who desire to plan and work with new strategies for the healing of diabetic wounds.

Background: Schizophrenia belongs to mental illnesses affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Its therapy is still unmet; thus, researchers aimed to develop new pharmacological molecules which can improve its management. Methods: Moreover, the current typical and atypical antipsychotics should be formulated in more efficacious systems that can deliver the drug in the brain with as few side effects as possible. In further, the development of long acing efficient drug delivery systems could be significant in minimizing frequent dosing which is non-preferred to schizophrenics. Results: Herein, authors focused on current developments of antipsychotic medications used in schizophrenia management. Various studies, which include the use of first and second-generation antipsychotics, analyzed according to their efficacy. In fact, in this review, oral, injectable, transdermal and intranasal formulations entrapped antipsychotics are presented to be valuable guidance for scientists to formulate more effective drug delivery systems for schizophrenic patients. Conclusions: This review aimed to assist researchers working on schizophrenia management by summarizing current medications and newly synthesized drug delivery systems recently found in the literature.