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α‐(Arylthio)acrylnitrile 4, deren Darstellung beschrieben wird, dimerisieren merklich schneller zu 1,2‐Bis(arylthio)‐1,2‐cyclobutandiyldicyaniden 6 als α‐(Alkylthio)acrylnitrile zu den entsprechenden Cyclobutan‐Derivaten. Dies dürfte eine Folge der höheren Mesomeriestabilisierung der als Zwischenstufe auftretenden 1,4‐Diradikale (z.B. 9) durch die Arylthiogruppen sein. ESR‐spektroskopisch wurden diese Radikale im Falle der thermischen Spaltung von 1,2‐Bis(pmethoxyphenylthio)‐1,2‐cyclobutandiyldicyanid (6b) nachgewiesen.
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The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Production 2.1. Principles 2.2. Blowing Agents 2.3. Additives 3. Properties 4. Specific Foamed Plastics 4.1. Polyolefin (PO) Foams 4.1.1. Low‐Density Polyolefin Foams (25 ‐ 250 kg/m 3 ) 4.1.2. High‐Density Polyolefin Foams (250 ‐ 700 kg/m 3 ) 4.2. Polystyrene (PS) Foams 4.2.1. Expandable Polystyrene (EPS) Foams 4.2.2. Extruded Polystyrene (XPS) Foams 4.2.3. Structural Polystyrene Foams 4.3. Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Foams 4.3.1. Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Foams 4.3.2. Flexible Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Foams 4.4. Foams from Phenol‐Formaldehyde (PF) Resins 4.5. Foams from Urea‐Formaldehyde (UF) Resins 4.6. Foams from Melamine‐Formaldehyde (MF) Resins 4.7. Silicone (SI) Foams 4.8. Epoxy (EP) Foams 4.9. Polyimide (PI) Foams 4.10. Polymethacrylimide (PMI) Foams 4.11. Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA) Foams 4.12. Polyamide (PA) Foams 4.13. Poly(Phenylene Oxide) (PPE) Foams 4.14. Polysulfone (PSU) Foams 4.15. Polycarbonate (PC) Foams 5. Testing 5.1. Mechanical Properties 5.1.1. Rigid Foams 5.1.2. Flexible Foams 5.2. Thermal Properties 5.3. Miscellaneous Properties 6. Economic Aspects 7. Toxicology and Environmental Aspects
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