The contribution of tourism that arrange country's economies is frequently discussed in the literature. Researching the economic impacts of tourism, public policies considerable effects undeniable. The aim of this paper is to investigate the causal relationship between economic growth and tourism by using quarterly data for Turkey for the period of 2003-2014. The results show that there is a co-integration between tourism and economic growth. In addition, our results for the Granger causality test indicate that there is a unidirectional causality from economic growth to tourism. At the end of this study, these relationship is evaluated in accordance with the public policy.

Firms succes, assets and lialibilities are important determinants of the development process of countries both tax revenues and investments. The aim of our study is to research the effect of firm components such as liquidity, firm size, firm level and capital structure open joint manufacturing companies' taxes that paid in our country. In this regard 10 open joint manufacturing companies examined for the period of 2010-2016 data taken from Public Disclosure Platform (KAP) using dynamic panel data. At the end of the study firm size, firm performance and capital structure has an impact of taxes paid by open joint manufacturing companies.

The aim of this study is to identify the relationship between fi scal policy and sovereign credit ratings within a comparative framework for the post-2000 period. In this study, indicators affecting credit notes of three rating agencies through domestic savings, growth, infl ation, unemployment, current account balance and public revenues, public expenditures, primary defi cits, budget defi cits and public debt data for selected countries for the period between 2001 and 2016 are evaluated by using probit analysis under four scenarios.The study reveals that growth, unemployment, savings, current account defi cit and public debt have come to the forefront in the realizations and far estimates, while the main indicators in the public sector, namely the impact of expenditure, defi cit, primary balance and debt on rating decisions, are more dominant in the near estimates. These results show that the factors that are differentiating the credit rating evaluation period are the indicators of public fi nance. It seems that models used by the credit institutions are more likely to show short-term outcomes in the sense of public fi nance parameters mainly refl ecting the macroeconomic responsibility level of the ruling governments.

FACTORS TO TRANSITION FROM MIDDLE INCOME TO OTHER INCOME CLASSES FOR TURKEY ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to provide a general profile on the middle income class in Turkey and identify the effects of various socioeconomic and demographic factors on the probability of transition of middle income classes into lower or higher income classes. Data from Surveys on Income and Living Conditions (SILC) is utilized over the period [2005][2006][2007][2008][2009][2010][2011][2012][2013]

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