Salinity, a measure of the dissolved salts in seawater, is a fundamental property of seawater and basic to understanding biological and physical processes in coastal waters. In the open ocean long term salinity measurements are identified as necessary to understand global climate studies, hydrological cycle, and circulation. In the coastal oceans, information on salinity is critical to understanding biological effects on ecosystem function such as disease, nursery grounds, or harmful algal blooms and on physical processes such as freshwater runoff, estuarine mixing, and coastal currents. While the importance of salinity is recognized, little attention has been given to making routine measurements as to the location and frequency of such measurements. These issues were addressed in a workshop concerned with salinity measurements in coastal oceans, requirements for such, and measurement technology.

Digraph analysis, an approach to Boolean modeling and analysis of large systems, is a valuable technique when performed as part of systems engineering effort‐Digraph analysis provides modeling of physical and informational flow to evaluate and document decisions regarding design capabilities. It supports effectiveness analyses, design analyses, and trades in examining system interactions, fault tolerance, reliability, redundancies, and risks. A demonstration of how digraph analysis was used when performing systems engineering in an integrated product team environment on the Mars Environmental Survey (MESUR) program is given.

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