Mouth breathing is one of the bad habits in the oral cavity that deviates from the normal state. The main cause of mouth breathing habit is the presence of upper respiratory tract obstruction, such as adenoid hypertrophy and allergic rhinitis. In this article, dis-cussed about the mouth breathing habit as an etiologic factor for malocclusion. By reviewing the literature, information is col-lected in accordance with the topic of the study and then synthetic. From 8 scientific articles, it is known that mouth breathing habit is an etiological factor for malocclusion, with the most common malocclusions being Class 2 malocclusion, anterior open bite, maxillary anterior teeth protrusion, and posterior crossbite. It is concluded that mouth breathing habit is one of the etiolo-gical factors for malocclusion.

Objective: The aim of this study is to know the impact of mouthrinsing using chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% with the number of plaque-causing bacterial colonies in fixed orthodontic users. One of the most common problems is malocclusion. The solution is to do orthodontic treatment but the side effect is very susceptible to having poor mouth hygiene due to oral microflora which has changed and the difficulty to clean the appliance. Material and Methods:This research type is quasi-experimental with pretest and posttest with control group design. The sample, which consist of 30 college students of fixed orthodontic users was divided into two groups where the first group was given the chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% and the second group was given aqua dest. A swab on teeth samples were taken before treatment, on 7th day and 14th day to observe the number of bacteria colonies by cup-counting method at Microbiology Laboratory, Pharmacy Faculty of Hasanuddin University. Results:The results of repeated ANOVA and post hoc bonferroni test by using SPSS program (23rd version) showed that the value baseline was 333.86±11.8, on 7th day was 229.26±6.3 and on 14th day was 127.40±7.8 with the p-value=0.000. The result of general linear model analysis on 7th day and on 14th day was p=0.000 which means there is significant decrease in the number of bacteria colonies. Conclusion: Mouth-rinsing using chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% significantly affects the amount of plaque-causing bacterial colonies in fixed orthodontic users (p<0.05) with the percentage drop is 61.84%.

ABSTRACT Background: The prevalence of malocclusion in Indonesia is still very high at around 80% of the population and is one of the major dental and oral health problems, this is coupled with a low level of dental care awareness. The prevalence of malocclusion because of the habit of drinking milk with bottle feedings was 49.5% of 377 children. This is habit because, the habit of drinking milk with a bottle feeding causes the movement of the baby's tongue like a sucking motion. This abnormal tongue motor activity will result in aberrant swallowing habits which will eventually cause malocclusion. Purpose: To determine the correlation between children using bottle feeding aged 4 - 6 years to the occurrence of malocclusion. Methods: This study uses the Analytical Observational method with a cross sectional study design. The sample consisted of 30 children aged 4 - 6 years who met the criteria of the study determined by filling out questionnaires and intra-oral examination of samples Result: The result of Spearman's correlation statistical test, obtained the correlation coefficient value (r=0.435) which shows a moderate correlation. The results of the linear regression test to see if there are long-term effects of using a bottle feeding on the occurrence of malocclusion, obtained a value (p <0.05) which shows a significant effect. Conclusion: There is a  moderate correlation between children who use bottle feedings aged 4-6 years to malocclusion. The longer children use bottle feeding, the more severe the malocclusion of children. Keywords: Malocclusion, Bottle feeding

Good oral and dental hygiene is a challenge for orthodontic patients because food is easily trapped around brackets and under the arches of braces, thus becoming a barrier to brushing teeth. An effective way to get rid of plaque is to use a toothbrush regularly, to keep your teeth and mouth clean and healthy. This study was intended to determine the difference in dental and oral hygiene status between orthodontic and conventional toothbrush users in fixed orthodontic treatment.The results of the analysis of 6 articles are that the use of orthodontic toothbrushes is more effective than conventional toothbrushes in removing plaque. Or-thodontic toothbrushes can also provide a significant plaque reduction effect on fixed orthodontic appliance users. Orthodontic toothbrushes did not show any difference in removing plaque compared to conventional toothbrushes. It was concluded that there were differences in dental and oral hygiene status between orthodontic and conventional brush users in fixed orthodontic treatment.

Objective: The aim of this experiment showed the difference of corrosion resistance between Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) archwire and NiTi archwire with additional cooper (NiTi-Cu) in artificial saliva. Material and Methods: This research was conducted in these laboratory experiments, immersed the NiTi archwires and NiTi-Cu archwires on artificial saliva at pH= 7 and incubated on 37°C, with the ratio of the archwire and the saliva was 0.02 gr: 1 ml during 1 day, 33 days and 66 days.Results: Corrosion resistances reviewed by average saliva artificial contained ion Ni after immersed 1 day of NiTi archwires and NiTi-Cu were 0.033 ± 0.000, and after immersed 33 days were 0.053 ± 0.022 and 0.101 ± 0.050, and after 66 days immersed were 0.101 ± 0.050 and 8.052 ± 3.4667. Conclusion:Based on research conducted, NiTi archwire more resistant to corrosion than NiTi-Cu, ion Ni released shown higher concentration in NiTi-Cu than NiTi.