We present the MARAS (Environmental Monitoring of Arid and Semiarid Regions) dataset, which stores vegetation and soil data of 426 rangeland monitoring plots installed throughout Patagonia, a 624.500 km2 area of southern Argentina and Chile. Data for each monitoring plot includes basic climatic and landscape features, photographs, 500 point intercepts for vegetation cover, plant species list and biodiversity indexes, 50-m line-intercept transect for vegetation spatial pattern analysis, land function indexes drawn from 11 measures of soil surface characteristics and laboratory soil analysis (pH, conductivity, organic matter, N and texture). Monitoring plots were installed between 2007 and 2019, and are being reassessed at 5-year intervals (247 have been surveyed twice). The MARAS dataset provides a baseline from which to evaluate the impacts of climate change and changes in land use intensity in Patagonian ecosystems, which collectively constitute one of the world´s largest rangeland areas. This dataset will be of interest to scientists exploring key ecological questions such as biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships, plant-soil interactions and climatic controls on ecosystem structure and functioning.
This contribution reports the first record of intertidal reefs built by the sabellariid wormSabellaria nanellain the lower intertidal at Monte Hermoso beach, Argentina (39°S). All previous records ofS. nanellain the study area correspond to solitary individuals from shallow subtidal depths in coastal environments, while the present findings refer to well established reefs on stony rocks. Worms sort medium size sand grains to build the reefs, which contain higher amount of organic matter than the surrounding sediments. Size structure of worms shows multiple size cohorts that include recent recruits and mature adults. Many invertebrates, i.e. various annelids, arthropods, molluscs, nemerteans and nematodes, are the frequent organisms living within the reef, some of them already recorded in the area. The presence of intertidal reefs ofS. nanellaindicates that the species has plasticity to adapt to environments with different physical conditions (subtidal–intertidal areas).
Resumen: La búsqueda por similitud consiste en recuperar todos aquellos objetos dentro de una base de datos que sean parecidos o relevantes a una determinada consulta. Actualmente es un tema de gran interés para la comunidad científica debido a sus múltiples campos de aplicación, como la búsqueda de palabras e imágenes en la World Wide Web, reconocimiento de patrones, detección de plagio, bases de datos multimedia, entre otros. La búsqueda por similitud o en proximidad se modela matemáticamente a través de un espacio métrico, en el cual los objetos son representados como una caja negra donde la única información disponible es la distancia de este objeto a los otros.En general, el cálculo de la función de distancia es costoso y los sistemas de búsqueda operan a una gran tasa de consultas por unidad de tiempo. A fin de optimizar este procesamiento se han desarrollado numerosas estructuras métricas, que funcionan como índices y realizan un preprocesamiento de los datos a fin de disminuir las evaluaciones de distancia al momento de la búsqueda.Por otro lado, la necesidad de procesar grandes volúmenes de datos hace poco factible la utilización de una estructura en aplicaciones reales si ésta no considera la utilización de entornos de procesamiento paralelo. Existen una serie de tecnologías para realizar implementaciones de procesamiento paralelo. Se incluyen entre las más vigentes las tecnologías basadas en arquitecturas multi-CPU (multi-core) y GPU / multi-GPU, que son interesantes debido a las altas prestaciones y los bajos costes involucrados.En el presente Informe Científico-Técnico se aborda la búsqueda por similitud y la implementación de estructuras métricas sobre entornos paralelos. Se presenta el estado del arte en los temas relacionados a búsqueda por similitud con estructuras métricas y tecnologías de paralelización. También se proponen análisis comparativos sobre experimentos que buscan identificar el comportamiento de un conjunto de espacios métricos y estructuras métricas seleccionados sobre plataformas de procesamiento basadas en multicore y GPU.Palabras claves: Búsquedas por similitud, espacios métricos, estructuras métricas, procesamiento paralelo, GPUs.1 Este trabajo fue parcialmente financiado por el proyecto de investigación UNPA-UARG 29/A274-1.
Residual fatty and oil production in Arroio do Tigre town, Rio Grande do Sul State, aiming biodiesel production. The present work had as its goals to recognize the production condition of waste oils and fats in the urban area of small towns in order to define actions that will reduce the environmental impact of this activity in public places and homes. The city where the study was accomplished was Arroio do Tigre (Rio Grande do Sul-Brazil), which has 5511 inhabitants. We used a sample of the population that was divided into two groups: houses and establishments that produce food for frying process. The survey aimed to gather the population's attitudes and perceptions about the waste oils and fats. We also analyzed the frying oil from two restaurants and produced biodiesel. The results showed that most of the interviewed people give an inadequate destiny to the waste oils and fats. It is also noticed that the higher the education level, the greater clarification of the environmental issues and greater availability for the installation of collection programs for waste oil and fats through some encouragement. In relation to biodiesel produced in pilote scale from restaurant waste oil with CH 3 ONa catalyst was obtained 96.6% of conversion and the quality parameters were as National Petroleum Agency (ANP).
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