Resumo: A ferramenta de modelagem de sistemas difusos, InFuzzy, foi desenvolvida com o intuito de agir como um facilitador do uso da técnica por parte de estudantes e de profissionais interessados nessa subárea da Inteligência Artificial (IA). A lógica difusa é uma excelente técnica para a solução de problemas que envolvam o uso de dados imprecisos, porém, a sua implementação e o seu entendimento não são fatos triviais. As seguintes etapas foram contempladas: estudo dos conceitos da lógica difusa, softwares existentes no mercado, ergonomia e usabilidade de interfaces, modelagem e desenvolvimento da ferramenta InFuzzy e homologação das suas funcionalidades. Como resultado, apresenta-se a ferramenta desenvolvida, uma interface gráfica para modelagem de aplicações de sistemas difusos, dotada de recursos de simulação e integração com outros softwares por meio do protocolo UDP/IP. Até o momento, muitos usuários instalaram o software InFuzzy, dentre ao quais pesquisadores e alunos de programas de mestrado e de doutorado dos seguintes estados brasileiros: Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rondônia, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo e Distrito Federal. Palavras
A solid sampling electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ETV-ICP OES) method for determination of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru and V in pharmaceuticals is proposed. Tricyclic pharmaceuticals were directly analyzed due to their difficult decomposition with acids. Pyrolysis and vaporization temperature, sample mass, and reaction gas (Freon) flow rate were evaluated. The effect of organic and inorganic compounds was evaluated for matrix matching. The limits of detection ranged from 0.04 µg g −1 (Cu) to 107 µg g −1 (As) and the relative standard deviation was lower than 10%. The investigated elements were not detected in the analyzed samples with the exception of Cr in cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride. Since there was no certified reference materials available for metals and metalloids in pharmaceuticals, the accuracy of the method was evaluated by an independent technique and by analyte recovery. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was employed for analyte determination after sample decomposition by microwave induced combustion. The agreement of the results found by both techniques was better than 87% and analyte recoveries ranged from 91 to 103%.
Brasil e Argentina representam o segundo e o terceiro maiores exportadores mundiais do grão da soja respectivamente. Para aumentar a competitividade no agronegócio, por vezes, os governos adotam políticas de desvalorização cambial. Este traabalho teve como objetivo verificar se
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