No abstract

Physalis angulata L. is an American species with edible fruits that stands out for having high nutritional and pharmaceutical value. The species is found in almost the entire Brazilian territory but the consumption of its fruits is not widespread. Genetic improvement is one of the main factors that can make P. angulata a crop in Brazil. The aim of this work was to evaluate the existence of heterosis and heterobeltiosis for morphoagronomic descriptors, to estimate correlations, and to select the best hybrids in P. angulata in a full diallel with five accession. Twenty plant, fruit and seed descriptors were evaluated, and plant height and total soluble solids showed significant genetic variation. Positive heterobeltiosis for total soluble solids was observed in hybrids Pi x G53, Can x Pi and Can x LG, while negative heterobeltiosis for plant height was observed in G53 x LG, Pi x Laj e Can x Laj hybrids. Heterosis was also observed for both descriptors. Using selection indexes, Can x G53, Can x LG, Pi x G53, Can x Pi and G53 x Pi were selected as the best hybrids, expressing smaller plant height and higher total soluble solids.

O gênero Physalis é bastante difundido no mundo, por conta dos seu sabor diferenciado, características medicinais e valor nutricional (vitaminas A, C, fósforo, ferro, flavonoides, alcaloides, fitoesteroides, carotenoides, compostos bioativos, entre outros) (SALGADO, ARANA, 2013; MAMEDOV et al., 2017; MOKHTAR et al., 2018).

A fruticultura brasileira está crescendo bastante nos últimos anos, principalmente por conta do início do cultivo das plantas alimentícias não convencionais (PANCs), que por sua vez são pouco exploradas. Carambola, canistel, maná, mirtilo, lichia, abiu, romã, fisális, dentre outras, são alguns exemplos de frutíferas pouco exploradas (WATANABE; OLIVEIRA, 2014).