Aims: Published evidence suggests that Vitamin D supplementation may have a protective effect on infectious disease of the lower respiratory tract. The objective of this review was to critically appraise the effects of vitamin D intake in the prevention of acute viral bronchiolitis in children. Methods: We searched the databases Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, LILACS, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, until December 2014, using the keywords: "Vitamin D" or cholecalciferol or ergocalciferol and "bronchiolitis, viral" or "viral bronchiolitis" or "bronchiolitides, viral" or "viral bronchiolitides". Studies evaluating the effect of vitamin D intake in the prevention of acute viral bronchiolitis in young children were included. Studies with less than two weeks of intervention and review articles were excluded. Results: The search identified 241 articles, among which 20 articles were selected for full reading and two articles were included in the systematic review, comprising 296 children. No study measured serum levels of vitamin D. One of the included studies was a clinical trial, where the number of episodes of acute viral bronchiolitis was significantly lower in children supplemented with vitamin D (Group I: mean 0.6±0.7 Group II: mean 1.4±0.9; P=0.001). The other, a case-control study, did not find a significant relationship between the occurrence of acute viral bronchiolitis cases and the intake of vitamin D (odds ratio 1.7, 95% confidence interval 0.7-4.0). Conclusions: Current scientific evidence is insufficient to prove clinical benefits of vitamin D in preventing acute viral bronchiolitis.KEY WORDS: vitamin D; bronchiolitis, viral; infant; child. RESUMOObjetivos: Evidências publicadas sugerem que a suplementação da vitamina D pode ter efeito protetor nas infecções do trato respiratório inferior. O objetivo desta revisão foi avaliar os efeitos da ingestão de vitamina D na prevenção da bronquiolite viral aguda em crianças. Métodos: Foram feitas buscas nas bases de dados Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, LILACS e Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, até dezembro de 2014, usando os descritores "Vitamin D" ou cholecalciferol ou ergocalciferol e "bronchiolitis, viral" ou "viral bronchiolitis" ou "bronchiolitides, viral" ou "viral bronchiolitides". Foram incluídos estudos que avaliaram o efeito da ingesta da vitamina D na prevenção da bronquiolite viral aguda em crianças. Estudos com intervenção menor que duas semanas e artigos de revisão foram excluídos. Resultados: A busca identificou 241 artigos, entre os quais 20 artigos foram selecionados para leitura na íntegra e dois artigos foram incluídos na revisão sistemática, incluindo 296 crianças. Nenhum estudo mediu os níveis séricos de vitamina D. Um dos estudos incluídos foi um ensaio clinico, no qual o número de episódios de bronquiolite foi significativamente menor nas crianças suplementadas com vitamina D (Grupo I: média 0,6±0,7 Grupo II: média 1,4 ±0,9; P=0,001). No outro, um estudo de casos e controles, não se encontrou rel...
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