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cluster was typed by MLST according to the Pasteur Institute scheme (www.pasteur.fr/mlst), giving rise to the subsequent clones ST326 (CX1), ST405 (CX2), ST147 (CX3), ST104 (CX4 and CX5) and ST15 (CX6) (Figure 1). Of note, all clones except ST104 had previously been associated with OXA-48 production in Europe and/or Spain. 1,8,9 The concomitant occurrence of five different K. pneumoniae clones producing OXA-48 in a single hospital might be explained, at least in part, by the high transfer frequency of the IncL/M plasmid carrying the bla OXA-48 gene. 10 In view of our data, it is likely that the spread of OXA-48-producing K. pneumoniae in Spain will rapidly mirror the endemic situation observed in Italy and the USA with KPC-producing K. pneumoniae isolates. Once again, this bacterial species is playing a pivotal role in the emergence and dispersion of resistance traits in hospital settings. Urgent hygiene measures have to be taken to prevent further consolidation of a difficult-to-control situation.