Se estudia el efecto de distintos motivadores de la actividad emprendedora relacionados con las actitudes, percepciones e intenciones de los individuos, en los países integrantes de la Alianza del Pacífico (México, Chile, Colombia y Perú). El análisis se basa en estadística descriptiva y modelos probabilísticos tipo logit a partir de los datos del Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. Se encontró que la acción de emprender está asociada de forma negativa con la aversión al riesgo y la falta de exposición al esfuerzo, y de forma positiva con la capacidad empresarial, que resultó ser la variable que mejor explica la motivación hacia el emprendimiento. Adicionalmente, la evidencia sugiere que un menor desarrollo estaría asociado con una mayor percepción de capacidades, lo que, a su vez, podría tener que ver con el incremento de la autoconfianza de los individuos y con una subestimación de los riesgos. Estos hallazgos son solo parcialmente consistentes con la literatura y son muestra de que el emprendimiento tiene un origen multifactorial y dinámico, donde las percepciones, modificadas por el entorno, juegan un rol importante. Estos elementos deben ser tomados en cuenta por pretender construir un mercado regional integrado, basado en el apoyo de emprendedores y pequeñas empresas. Abstract We study the effect of different motivators of entrepreneurial activity related to attitudes, perceptions, and intentions of individuals in the Pacific Alliance countries (México, Chile, Colombia y Perú). The analysis is based on descriptive statistics and logit regressions with data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. We found that the decision of entrepreneurship is negatively correlated with risk aversion and lack of exposure to effort. Furthermore, it is positively correlated with entrepreneurial ability, which is the variable that best explains motivation to become entrepreneur. In addition, the evidence suggests that less development is associated with a higher perception of capabilities, which in turn may be related to increased self-confidence and an underestimation of risks. The findings of this study are only partially consistent with that of the literature, and they suggest that entrepreneurship is a multifaceted and dynamic process influenced by perceptions that can be modified by the environment. Taking these elements into consideration is necessary in order to create an integrated regional market that is based on the support of entrepreneurs and small businesses.
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