RESUMEN. Introducción: En el mundo no se ha logrado un adecuado control del asma, siendo éste uno de los principales objetivos del tratamiento. Objetivos: Describir el control del asma, las características clínicas y epidemiológicas en Panamá. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional mediante la aplicación de encuesta en la consulta externa del servicio de neumología en un hospital de tercer nivel de enero a marzo de 2019. Resultados: 97 pacientes, edad media: 57 años (DE 12.9), femeninos 77%. Control del asma: no controlados 52%, parcialmente controlados 40%, totalmente controlados 8%, mala adherencia a los inhaladores 54%, mala técnica de inhalación 25%. Refirieron una o más visitas urgentes por asma el último año: 51%, hospitalizaciones 7%. Comorbilidades asociadas al mal control del asma: ex fumador 16%, fumador activo 1%, obesidad 51%, rinitis alérgica 35%, reflujo gastroesofágico 38%, depresión 2%. Frecuencia de factores del hogar asociados al mal control del asma: polvo 72%, desinfectantes 61%, aerosoles 55%, mascotas 48%. Sólo se encontró diferencia significativa para asma no controlada en presencia de rinitis alérgica, mala técnica de inhalación y mayor uso de recursos sanitarios. Conclusión: El control del asma fue similar a los reportes en Latinoamérica, manteniéndose mal controlada en más de 50%. Palabras clave: Control del asma, test de control del asma, población latinoamericana, adherencia terapéutica. ABSTRACT. Introduction: In the world, adequate asthma control has not been achieved; this being one of the main objectives of the treatment. Objectives: Describe asthma control, clinical and epidemiological characteristics in Panama. Material and methods: Observational study through the application of a survey in the outpatient consultation room of the pulmonology department in a 3rd level hospital from January to March 2019. Results: 97 patients, average age: 57 years (SD 12.9), female 77%. Asthma control: uncontrolled 52%, partially controlled 40%, fully controlled 8%. Bad adherence to inhalers 54%. Bad inhalation technique 25%. They referred one or more urgent visits for asthma last year: 51%, hospitalizations 7%. Comorbidities associated with poor asthma control: former smoker 16%, active smoker 1%, obesity 51%, allergic rhinitis 35%, gastroesophageal reflux 38%, depression 2%. Frequency of household factors associated with poor asthma control: 72% dust, 61% disinfectants, 55% aerosols, 48% pets. We only found a significant difference for uncontrolled asthma in the presence of allergic rhinitis, poor inhalation technique and greater use of healthcare resources. Conclusion: Asthma control was similar to reports in Latin America, keeping poorly controlled at more than 50%.
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