Objective: evaluate the current evidence regarding different aspects (epidemiological, histological, physiological and genetic) of male infertility caused by Y-chromosome microdeletion. Material and Methods:A systematic review of articles from January 1 st , 1996 and February 28 th , 2014 present in two databases: MeDLINe and ScieLO. The search was performed with the MeSH descriptors "Y Chromosome", "Infertility" and Keyword "microdeletion". results:The literature indicates that deletion of AZF, especially AZFc, is related to azoospermia, oligozoospermia or even infertility. The absence of other loci is also underlined by the evidence: AZFa, AZFb and AZFd, even though the prevalence rates are not equidistant. Surveys also show changes in the male hormone physiology varying the levels of testosterone/LH/FSH as well as modifying the gonadal morphology in individuals affected by Y-chromosome microdeletion. Conclusion:More research is needed focusing on possible deletions that the Y-chromosome may suffer, giving emphasis on their clinical outcomes and correlations with infertility.