The objective of the study presented in this article is to examine the relationship between external debt (EXDT), external reserves (EXRS), total debt service costs (TDS) and Nigeria’s economic growth (RGDP) and how these variables impact on the Nigerian transport economy employing profligacy theory. The study used secondary data for Nigeria for the period 1979 to 2019 obtained from the International Debt Office (WBG). The econometric techniques used include OLS, Granger causality and Engle-Granger cointegration at a 0.05 confidence level. The results show that EXDT has a statistically significant negative relationship with EXRS, with no statistically significant relationship existing with RGDP and TDS in the short term. All the variables showed significant cointegration over the long term, with the conclusion that the relationship between EXRS and EXDT is negatively significant in the short term, while the other variables are insignificant. The recommendations of the study include, that the government and monetary authorities should endeavour to reduce the creation of foreign debt for nonreproductive projects in key sectors due to its adverse effect on external reserves, and instead pursue aid, grants and domestic long-term loan options necessary for effective growth of the transport and other key sectors of the economy.

Developing nations are in dire need for socio-economic growth and development and this desired growth is determined by the economic structure, the political economy and the amount of strategic development plan with purposeful resolve of the National, State and Local governments. More so, development being a long-term, medium-term and sufficiently complemented by short-term plan/ or financial budgeting is paramount to the socio-economic advancement of every nation. Hence, the study examines issues surrounding socio-economic development in local government areas in Nigeria . It is the focus of this study to critically dissect the pivotal role of budgets in local government administration as a socio-economic development strategy of the Nigerian State. The lack of political will and lopsided political structure were found as explanations for the lack of socio-economic development at the local government level. Nigeria, being an independent country is standing on tripod government structure which necessitates the need for the federal, state and local governments to harness resources and efforts to restructure as well as diversify the Nigerian economy. The study also recommends that, local governments should enjoy financial autonomy to enable them participate in building the economy through the initiation and execution of developmental programmes for the local population.

This study examined the perceptions and implications of herdsmen and farmers bloody clashes on sustainability and economic growth in Nigeria; investigative journalism approach. The study employed a cross-sectional survey and qualitative research design in which 1000persons were interviewed to seek their perceptions on the effects of the feud. It was revealed that no party is happy with the irreparable consequences that ensued from the clash. It was shown that the herdsmen were misguided on the grazing routes which the Federal government insists on reviving or re-enacting when such routes or policy cannot be operational due to increasing human population, mechanized/commercial agricultural activities in modern days. The clash was also induced by born to rule ego, religious inclinations and mutual distrust. It does implies that persisting violence is a precursor to hunger/malnutrition, high cost of living, economic recession, civil war and disintegration of a volatile country. The crisis is persisting due to the lackadaisical/double standards attitude of government towards resolving the impasse on time. It has been seen that open grazing cannot continue in modern Nigeria. It has to be stopped for the implementation of ranching programmes. Government should intensify laws against criminality/ cattle rustlers and disarm both farmers-herdsmen of the arms they are parading everywhere. The constitutional role of government is to ensure that the rule of law prevails equally over all citizens in whatever trade, religion/ethnic background. There should be intensive media sensitisation on inter- ethnic and inter-religious tolerance and harmony in the country.